This is just a matter of statutory interpretation. Frankly, the NCAA has an easy out if they're worried about being subject to the NLRA or the Sherman Act. They can just lobby Congress for a law that exempts them.
But its hard to argue that college athletes don't fit the statutory definition of an employee.
Oh please, is there a more labor oriented labor board anywhere in the USA than NLRB in Chicago?
They would hand out labor rights on a silver platter to a passing bum who claimed he was an "employee" because he earned money through panhandling.
Well, let's go to the statutory definition (which is, in fact, the common-law definition).
"an employee is a person who performs services for another under a contract of hire, subject to the other’s control or right of control, and in return for payment."
So let's apply those factors.
Does a college football player perform services for the university? Yes.
Is the college football player under a contract of hire? Yes, each athlete signs a tender in order to receive his scholarship.
Is the college football player subject to the University's control or right of control? They don't let the teams coach themselves. Hell, they don't let them decide where to live or eat.
Is it in return for payment? For scholarship players, yes.
See this is what they call a self fulfilling definition. You call it what you want and define the terms so you get what you want out of it.
However, in my view a game is not performing services. It's a game played for free. It is sport. Not a business built on sport, like the NFL, but a sport played as a sport with business going on around it. Totally different.
Signing a tender to commit to play football is not a contract. No way, no how, nowhere. Person A doesn't say they agree to play for free for Person B and then come back later and say 'oh no that was a contract for pay.' Never was, never will be.
"Control" as a test is highly variable. In Louisiana or France, something is under "guarde" so long as you can see something or be aware of it, it is a concept of right, but possession is something entirely different. Control of a coach in making a gameplan has nothing to do with having physical control over what a player does as a student, which is their actual designation at a school.
Scholarships are not payment; the education is the payment. Playing football is gratis done as an endeavor to fulfill an education that the student is
paying the school for. A football is no more an employee than is a violin prodigy under scholarship in the Music Department. Absolutely ludicrous to say a student becomes an employee because they are under