If you asked this question in 1750, the answer would be to petition the King for a people's chamber that could address political issues;
If you asked this question in 1760, the answer would be to begin nullifying the King's laws and setting up our own political systems;
If you asked this question in 1770, the answer would be revolution;
If you asked this question in 1778, the answer would be Articles of Confederation;
If you asked this question in 1787, the answer would be to throw away the Articles and write the Constitution;
If you asked this question in 1790, the answer was the Bill of Rights;
If you asked this question in 1799, the answer was the Alien and Sedition Acts;
If you asked this question in 1811, the answer was ultimately the War of 1812;
If you asked this question in 1824, the answer was to join the new Democratic Party to do away with the aristocracy of America;
If you asked this question in 1830, the answer was to kill the Bank of the United States;
If you asked this question in 1850, the answer was the Compromise of 1850;
If you asked this question in 1858, the answer was Civil War;
If you asked this question in the 1870's, the answer was corruption and the lack of a civil service system;
If you asked this question in the 1890's, the answer was more democratic systems to give people more power in the system;
If you asked this question in 1913, the answer was to remove the Constitutional structure of the Senate and make is a democratic body;
If you asked this question a few months earlier, the answer was to create a federal income tax;
If you asked this question in the 1920's, the answer was better labor laws and breaking monopolies and trusts;
If you asked this question in 1930, the answer was a New Deal;
If you asked this question in the 1960's, the answer was more civil rights, less taxes, and ending war;
If you asked this question in the 1970's, the answer was more civil rights, ending war, and equal pay for women;
If you asked this question in the 1980's, the answer was campaign finance reform, opposing trickle down economics, and more civil rights;
If you asked this question in the 1990's, the answer was campaign finance reform, gerrymandering, term limits, and line item veto's;
If you asked this question in the early 2000's, the answer was campaign finance reform, banking reform, getting money out of politics and pulling back on the power of the state;
If you asked this question in the late 2000's, the answer was campaign finance reform, banking reform, making the rich and powerful pay for their crimes and mistakes and getting money out of politics;
If you asked this question 5 years ago, the answer was campaign finance reform, banking reform, making the rich and powerful pay for their crimes and mistake, getting money out of politics, and doing something about the entertainment media that doesn't report news anymore;
If you asked this question last year, the answer was campaign finance reform, banking reform, making the rich and powerful pay for their crimes and mistakes, getting money out of politics, doing something about the entertainment media that doesn't report news anymore, and trying to regroup the American people to not see each other as enemies when they disagree about policy or politics and trying to once again have a serious national conversation like we did in the 1970's, 1960's, 1930, 1920's, 1913, 1890's, 1870's, 1859 (although not that serious, too much blood) 1850, 1830's, 1820's, 1810, and the late 1700's;
Now asking this question today you are going to get an answer of campaign finance reform, banking reform, making the rich and powerful pay for their crimes and mistakes, getting money out of politics, doing something about the entertainment media that doesn't report news anymore, trying to regroup the American people to not see each other as enemies, unless they really believe what they are saying in which case they might be a lost cause, on both sides and we have to move past them and drown them out, we should probably amend the Constitution once or twice for good measure, get money out of politics - did I say that already - maybe wall off the south because rednecks, probably close off the west coast because hippies, do something with Texas either to keep people out or in depending on your particular persuasion, get rid of the guy in the White House for good measure, and get money out of politics. A third time. Just to be safe.
What's broken? The "people" wanted more power from 1750-1797 and we got it. The "people" wanted more power in the face of elites in the early 1800's and we got it. The "people" simply couldn't co-exist very well in the 1850's-1860's and we paid a price for that. The "people" wanted less political favors and more fair hiring practices in the 1880s and we got it. The people wanted more democratic power in 1913 and got it. The "people" wanted better labor laws and rules on the books to fight powerful companies in the 1920's and we got it. The "people" wanted social change in the 1950's, 1960's and 1970's and we got it. The "people" wanted more campaign finance laws in the 1980's and 1990's and we got it. The "people" wanted even more campaign finance changes and banking regulations in the 1990's and 2000's and we got it. The "people" wanted to blowback the changes of the last 10 years and/or against the political party they don't like from either side and they got Donald Trump as a result whether they wanted him or not.
And now, once again we sit here and ask, how do we fix what is broken? Nothing is broken. This is government of the people, by the people and for the people. Claiming it's broke is arguing that something fundamental is wrong. Fundamentally, the system is working the exact way it was supposed to - laws and practices change over time. There will never be 100% consensus on anything in this country, there never has been. The great founders were probably only representing 30% at best of the entire population of the country at the time. For all the changes that the democrats made once Andrew Jackson was in power, they never represented more than 50% of the entire population. The civil war showed clear line of demarcation. The unrest and reconstruction of the country for the next 50 years wasn't a team effort at all. We basically lived in a class warfare system leading up World War II, there was massive social unrest for 30 plus years after that, and since Reagan was President it's not like we all sing kumbaya together every day before going to bed.
America is messy. And that's fine. You aren't going to always win, get your guy or gal elected, get that policy or law you wanted etc etc., but you are never totally and completely barred from ever trying again. In fact, you are allowed to try again every day, week, month, year, 2 years, 4 years, and beyond. We should embrace the bloodiness of American politics a little more. Great men and women have risen from it. And a great country has as well.
tl;dr - my vote is we all collectively need a better sense of humor and ability to take a punch. It would make all of this a lot more entertaining.