Alright, so here's the case in a nutshell: The National Council of American Indians was formed in the '40s and, by the time period from 1967-1990 (when the trademarks were registered) represented 30% of all Native Americans. In 1993, the NCAI released a resolution declaring that the term "Redskins" was disparaging and had always been so. Additionally, the NCAI had registered a complaint regarding the name as early as the late 1960s, and in 1972 the president of the NCAI (as well as 10 other representatives of various Native American groups) sat down to meet with the president and part owner of the Washington Redskins in an effort to persuade him to stop using the term "Redskins" as they considered it a racial slur. In addition, the term "redskin" as referring to actual people (instead of the sports teams) practically disappeared from common usage beginning in the mid-'60s (terms "Native American" and "Indian" outnumbered "redskin" when referring to people of Native American descent by a factor of about 2000 to 1), and dictionaries transitioned between 1966 and 1986 until they all noted that the term was disparaging. Based on those facts, the court found that the term "redskins" was considered disparaging at the time to at least 30% of Native Americans (the members of the NCAI), and that 30% constituted a "substantial composite".
In addition, the court stated that "once a substantial composite has been found, the mere existence of differing opinions cannot change the conclusion." That's important, because there really was a substantial numbers of individual Native Americans and tribes who wrote in favor of the name during the time. It really is a complex issue, and a lot of Native Americans really were (and, undoubtedly, still are) proud of the Washington Redskins name and felt that it honored their heritage. The issue strictly came down to a question of what percentage of Native Americans who find the name offensive is acceptable, and the court ruled that 30% was not an acceptable percentage.
The dissenting judge did so on the grounds that the dictionary evidence was inconclusive and there was no way to verify that the NCAI's membership during the period in question truly comprised 30% of Native Americans. Also, to quote again: "To be clear, this case is not about the controversy, currently playing out in the media, over whether the term "redskins," as the name of Washington's professional football team, is disparaging to Native Americans today. The provisions of the statute under which the Board must decide this case... require us to answer a much narrower, legal question: whether the evidence made of record in this case establishes that the term "redskins" was disparaging to a substantial composite of Native Americans at the time each of the challenged registrations was issued." (all emphasis in the original)
Also found in the dissent: "By this dissent, I am not suggesting that the term "redskins" was not disparaging in 1967, 1974, 1978, and 1990 (the registration dates at issue). Rather, my conclusion is that the evidence petitioners put forth fails to show that it was." (again, emphasis in the original)
I think I'm done spamming the thread, now. Sorry for the hijack, everyone.