Maybe it’s an extreme case, but according to Michael Moore’s doc “Sicko” a pre-existing condition could mean anything from being slightly overweight to having had a yeast infection or eczema.
So the issue is that “pre-existing conditions” is (or was) completely arbitrary according to insurance companies. Under the ACA, insurance companies have to offer you something no matter your condition. They can not deny you coverage, which has lead to “death spirals” apparently.
As someone who hasn’t had medical coverage in years because I can’t afford it, I’m in the camp of price transparency and eliminating administrative costs. I detest libertarians, but I do agree with their belief on healthcare: “if people paid full price for it, the prices will drop.”
That's the best way to phrase it. And no, Moore's doc wasn't an extreme case at all.
Anything and everything could have been a "pre-exisiting condition", so when I see stats that "170m people have a pre-exisiting condition", I'd think to myself it's more than that - everyone has one. Myself included. Back in the pre-ACA days, if you were trying to get an individual health policy, you'd take a paper application and in it were medical questions (I still have old ones here in my office). They'd ask your height and weight, if you smoke, how much you drink, if you partake in illegal drug use. Then they'd ask some "yes/no" type questions for a lifetime with stuff like heart attacks, strokes, cancer, diabetes, MS, hepatitis, and so on. Then maybe a "in the past 5 or 10 years" yes/no questions with stuff like arthritis, asthma, hernia, implants, STDs, hypertension, and so forth. They'd also ask about any hospitalizations you've had in the past so many years. Any yes answers - there was a place to put details. The underwriter would take that information and make an offer of coverage.
My main carrier at the time (and still), who has a color in their name (you know the one) had a bunch of policies available (different deductible or out of pocket amounts) and would give you your choice of any of them at one of four health levels - conveniently named 1, 2, 3, and 4. A "level 1" would be the best health rating, and come with the lowest premium. A level 2 would be someone who's generally healthy, but maybe uses tobacco occasionally, or could lose a few pounds, or who's on a generic medication or two - and generally had a premium 10-25% higher depending on age. A level 3 was someone with a slightly more extensive health history - like me at the time I applied. See above where I listed "implants"? Well in college I broke my wrist, and in setting it back the doc needed to use a plate and 5 screws - so I had an "implant", AKA "internal fixation device" which automatically put me at a level 3 for either 5 or 7 years post surgery with no complications (I reapplied after the time frame expired, and I was upgraded to a level 1). A level 3 typically came with a premium that was 30-50% higher than a level 1, depending again on age.
Now for level 4. If you were coming from other "credible coverage" (like an employer group plan) and were thus "HIPAA qualified", but had an extensive health history and would otherwise be declined you were offered a policy that was 2-3x as expensive as a level 1 (maybe more, depending on age). So it was your health history that deemed what "level" you were offered with a policy. If you weren't coming from other HIPAA qualified coverage, you could be denied. So if you already had coverage, and were losing it, you couldn't be denied new coverage (but it could be prohibitively expensive)
Now for the tricky part - a pre-exisiting condition
limitation. No matter what health level you were given, if you weren't coming from a qualified health plan before this new policy you were applying for (had at least a 63 day break in coverage from your prior coverage) you were given a pre-ex limitation - meaning the policy wouldn't cover anything you had (or were treated for) just prior to this new policy going into effect for a period of time, typically 12 months. You were given credit against that limitation for every month you had coverage prior - so if you had a policy for only 6 months prior to this new policy, the new pre-ex on the plan you apply for would only be 6 months. So if you were taking a blood pressure medication, for instance, and had this pre-ex limitation, the new policy wouldn't cover it if you didn't have qualifying coverage prior to this policy (even though you may have already been rated for it via underwriting described above). This prevented people from simply buying coverage when they needed it (well, this and underwriting), and why it was always important to have continuous coverage.
Was hoping this post wouldn't be a long one, seems like I failed. Anyway, I think that anything involving a new "Trump Care" alternative to the ACA will most likely have something similar. You simply can't have guaranteed issue (everyone can get a policy), community rating (everyone pays the same rate), and the elimination of a pre-ex limitation (everyone gets coverage for everything from day 1 with no waiting periods) all work together without a "death spiral" (prices going up and the number of insured going down) or something close to it occurring due to adverse selection.