I think there are some legit concerns about Barkley trying to break it to the outside too often and you saw him turn a few plays in that 2017 OSU game into 3 yards losses that should have gone for no gain. As others have mentioned though, Ohio State's D Line dominated the line of scrimmage that game and was a loaded unit. The 2017 OSU line has already had a 2nd round pick (Tyquan Lewis), 3rd round pick (Sam Hubbard), and 4th round pick (Jalyn Holmes). It also had Nick Bosa (2019 top 5 pick), Dre'Mont Jones (likely 2019 1st rounder), and a few others guys likely to be drafted Day 1 or Day 2 soon.
Also, if you are talking about trying to judge Barkley against NFL level competition, you can go back to the 2015 game against Ohio State. That defense was absolutely stacked. It had six 1st rounders (Joey Bosa, Darron Lee, Marshon Lattimore, Gareon Conley, Eil Apple, and Malik Hooker). Four 2nd rounders (Tyquan Lewis, Raekwon McMillan, and Vonn Bell). Plus 4 other guys who went 3rd or 4th round.
Barkley, as an 18 year old true freshman, ran for 194 yards in the Horseshoe against what was basically an NFL defense for OSU (and had a long TD called back too). I've been sold on him since that game. Here are highlights:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4UzkxhLnnc