Good link Henry, I am definitely in favor of this approach towards the further understanding of the interrelationship between religion, spirituality and neuroscience.
My personal perspective on this issue is rather simple:
1) If it works in a positive manner for one, without unfairly negatively impacting others, use it;
2) If it does not, don't use it;
3) Don't assume one size fits all.
4) Therefore, one should not force one's ways/beliefs on others...debate is awesome though!
Philosophically, I am agnostic; yet, I hold many spiritual beliefs that work for me. When/if, they stop working, I replace them with others (maybe spiritual as well, or maybe not).
Now, in regards to this statement on the study:
There's some strong evidence of hippocampus atrophy in "born again" religions/ people who have had a "religious experience." Which seems odd if we're supposed to want to want those things.
It must also be noted that the evidence also shows hippocampus atrophy in other groups as well:
Catholic group membership (n = 22) (b = −0.22, P = .046) and no religious group membership at baseline (n = 19) (b = −0.28, P = .046) were also associated with greater atrophy in the left hippocampus over time compared with non born-again Protestant group membership.
Greater hippocampal atrophy was observed longitudinally in this study among born-again Protestants, Catholics, and those reporting no religious affiliation, compared with non born-again Protestants.
...including "no religious group membership".
Also, as far as I can tell, the study seems to focus most on stress being the primary underlying factor:
One way of interpreting these findings is within the context of the hypothesized impact of cumulative stress on the hippocampus. While some religious variables have been found to be associated with positive mental health [57], [58], [59], other religious factors may be a source of stress [19], [60], [61], [62], [63], [64].
These findings may reflect potential cumulative stress associated with being a member of a religious minority. Though religious factors have been associated with positive mental health [59], [76], [77], studies have shown members of religious minority groups may also experience stressors related to these group affiliations [78], [79], [80].
Thus, as the study presents it here, it suggests that stress
may be the driver the atrophy, not the religious belief itself, nor, does it suggest that the religious belief is the result of atrophy.
Actually, it really leaves the question of the direction of causality (in regards to stress & religious affiliation/belief) open in the end.
Regardless, this is a really great study, and I hope more shall follow in this field.
Oh, finally RA, I do not know how much suffering Jesus experienced. If I use a best guess for it though, then I would have to say that I have not suffered at that level; although, I have suffered quite a bit during certain phases.