I do feel a sense of guilt when visiting Hawaii seeing how so much of the land has been bought up and (over?) developed by non-natives, leaving the natives to exist somewhat on the margins in a really expensive environment, while the tourists put a lot of strain on the local ecology. We assume they're better off due to the influx of tourism money, but I wonder sometimes.
I've been to Hawaii a ton of times - every year for a month through high school, then maybe 5-6 times since. I have family on both sides who live there, and my cousins went to school there. I know there are FBGs who actually live there, so they'd have much better insight.
Some thoughts about this:
- The resentment has always been there. Around 1992, I was riding in a convertible with a family friend who had lived there for at least a decade when an Islander randomly yelled "Haole" and threw a milkshake into the car. I think it used to be more racial and has moved more toward tourists, but there's always been an undercurrent of tension. My cousins also encountered it when they were in school - there was more resistance to new students and also racial tensions.
- Economically, I'm unclear on how great tourism is. Obviously it pays a lot of tax money to the state to spend back on the people, which is good. But the bulk of the payments go to the out-of-state owners of resorts, AirBnBs, and adventure companies. It's that familiar story recently of outsiders buying properties to make into AirBnBs that they never live at, which drives up the cost of properties. Great, right? Everyone's property value goes up... but it means that kids can't buy a house in their own state. They either stack up in their family's house or have to leave. Tourism jobs are great in a place that doesn't have any industry, but they don't pay for a house in that real estate market.
- Some things have really gotten worse over time due to overtourism. Snorkel beach has so many people there are lines to get in the water, and you get kicked by fins as you enter and exit. I watched multiple people stand on coral while adjusting their masks while I was there - I'm sure it'd degrading the quality of a really cool place. Traffic has gotten really annoying in some places, and you can't arrive at Mauna Kea beach as late as 8:00 AM and find a parking spot - it wasn't that way long ago. Even if only 5% of the tourists are jerks like my dad who throw litter on the ground or breaks any other rule he doesn't think should stop him from doing what he wants, it builds up. Also, the internet has helped make everything public knowledge. The guide book mentions a great freshwater pond behind a beach, everyone goes there to rinse off after their time at the beach, and it doesn't take long before the pools are closed due to sunscreen pollution and interference by so many people. Locals-only beaches that my cousin used to take me to are now known by everyone and full of tourists.
Tourism is likely a net positive, but there are downsides.
It's not the only place this is happening (Tahoe is overcrowded and the lake is getting less clear due to road runoff), but such clear borders make it more stark.
I guess it's up to them as a state, though - if they want to find some way to limit the number of visitors, they'll help and harm themselves in a way that makes sense to them. That, or someone could just buy an entire island and close it off to tourists. But that could never happen