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Physics and astronomy thread (1 Viewer)

Physicists Say They've Created a Fluid With 'Negative Mass'

Researchers in the US say they've created a fluid with negative mass in the lab... which is exactly as mind-bending as it sounds.

What it means is that, unlike pretty much every other known physical object, when you push this fluid, it accelerates backwards instead of moving forwards. Such an oddity could tell scientists about some of the strange behaviour that happens within black holes and neutron stars.

 
jamny said:
Physicists Say They've Created a Fluid With 'Negative Mass'

Researchers in the US say they've created a fluid with negative mass in the lab... which is exactly as mind-bending as it sounds.

What it means is that, unlike pretty much every other known physical object, when you push this fluid, it accelerates backwards instead of moving forwards. Such an oddity could tell scientists about some of the strange behaviour that happens within black holes and neutron stars.
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Why is it always Rubidium?  What's wrong with that guy?

 
This would mean that the building blocks for life is in place on Europa and Enceladus.

Two thoughts:

1. This will make either moon much more difficult to explore. Have to prevent contamination in either direction

2. It will also give a lot more data to the one or many (life/intelligent life) discussion

 
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Very cool. Really rooting to find more evidence of simple life. If we can find evidence on Mars or these two moons, it would seem to confirm that simple life may be abundant in the universe, based on the multiple examples in our own solar system. Very risky to even place a direct orbiter, as you pointed out on the contamination risk.

 
I didn't know they've seen plumes coming from Europa too. I wonder what is causing the thermal anomaly. I guess it's not unlike a volcano but it's weird that they both seem to be coming from one location. Cool stuff.

I can't wait for the James Webb telescope!

 
Lots of weird things discovered by Juno mission about Jupiter

ETA: I saw an interview with a Danish scientist who also mentioned two things not included in the article. One that all previous measurements from spacecraft indicated that Jupiter ws completely dry, Juno has observed (water) snowfall on top of the clouds. The second was a sound recording from Juno that include some very clear and distinct tones. No one knows what it is and there is speculation that the plasma layers somehow resonate with the spacecraft to create the tone(s).

 
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We can aim a radar at the cable between a computer and the monitor, and decode what the monitor is showing.

 
Galileo said:
3D imaging technique using Wi-Fi...both exciting and scary technology.  http://uk.businessinsider.com/wifi-camera-sees-through-walls-2017-5?r=US&IR=T
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Reminds me of a Nova episode I saw about trying to find a WWII escape tunnel from a holocaust site in Lithuania. Instead of digging they used Electrical Resistivity Tomography to scan "slices" of the earth underground. 

Full episode here: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/military/Holocaust-escape-tunnel.html

There is some imagery of some of the scan results right in the opening credits of that episode in the first minute, and the scientists describe the technique more completely at minute 13. 

Of course the subject matter is pretty bleak and horrific, which won't be a susprise by the title of the episode, but a tool to allow archaeologists to "dig" without really digging is pretty cool. 

 
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MikeIke said:
Huh, interesting. But I don't see how comets can produce radio signals, especially ones that strong 
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All EM waves originate from the vibration of charged particles.  Lower frequency radio waves can come from a few different mechanisms.  Electrons interacting with electromagnetic fields in interstellar space are subject to forces causing them deviate in their motions giving rise to new radio signals being generated.  Thermal activity where electrons experience collisions can generate radio waves.  Spectral emission can occur as electrons absorb radiated energy from other sources, temporarily kick to higher energy states and then emit new photons when returning to lower energy states.  Those emitted frequencies can include radio wavelengths.

 
If dark matter is considered a web that connects all the galaxies in the universe, wouldn't all the activities that happen in galaxies, supernovas and such, be enough of an explanation for expansion without the need for dark energy?

 
jamny said:
If dark matter is considered a web that connects all the galaxies in the universe, wouldn't all the activities that happen in galaxies, supernovas and such, be enough of an explanation for expansion without the need for dark energy?
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No all that has been accounted for and it is still not enough to explain why approximately 4 billion years ago the universe overcame gravity and started expanding at an accelerated rate.

 
NCCommish said:
No all that has been accounted for and it is still not enough to explain why approximately 4 billion years ago the universe overcame gravity and started expanding at an accelerated rate.
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But how could they calculate using something they haven't been able to detect yet (dark matter) and exists only in theory? I could see accelerated expansion being hard to reconcile using the estimated dimensions and mass of the universe but if the expansion were occurring only in the web of dark matter, it would seem to make sense that it would be increasing due to various, possibly increasing, releases of energy. Sort of like cracks in ice, once they get going due to some sort of force, it just accelerates. Where the cracks would be dark matter and the ice would be the, as yet unknown, darkness of space.

 
NCCommish said:
There's been a lot of talk recently about the Cold Spot and how it means another bubble universe collided with ours.

This video throws a little cold water on that Supervoids versus Colliding Universes
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jamny said:
But how could they calculate using something they haven't been able to detect yet (dark matter) and exists only in theory? I could see accelerated expansion being hard to reconcile using the estimated dimensions and mass of the universe but if the expansion were occurring only in the web of dark matter, it would seem to make sense that it would be increasing due to various, possibly increasing, releases of energy. Sort of like cracks in ice, once they get going due to some sort of force, it just accelerates. Where the cracks would be dark matter and the ice would be the, as yet unknown, darkness of space.
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Guys, you need to take this to the nerdy physics threa...

Oh, snap!

 
jamny said:
If dark matter is considered a web that connects all the galaxies in the universe, wouldn't all the activities that happen in galaxies, supernovas and such, be enough of an explanation for expansion without the need for dark energy?
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It's possible that dark matter simply doesn't exist.   This article goes into it a bit.   Pretty cool stuff,  whether it pans out of not. 

 
msommer said:
That super massive one way out there
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That corresponds to "fact" #7 in my link.

Bottom line is this.  The potential planet you refer to and the new one that roarlions posted about above are both the result of looking at the perturbations in the orbits of other known objects and asking "what the heck is causing these disturbances?"  The quick and easy answer is that there is another object gravitationally influencing them, other previously unseen planets. There was another "Planet X" proposed long ago for which the search was ultimately abandoned as it was discovered there were errors in calculating Neptune's size.  One those corrections were made, the need for that planet X disappeared.  We now have sets of data suggesting the possible presence two other planetary sized objects .  IF they are ever discovered to actually exist (which would not be too surprising) they would be planets 9 and 10 in our solar system. 

 
it's ok guys (or aka, sorry homer)... no child sex slaves on mars*.

NASA is officially on the record on the existence of a colony of child slaves on Mars. The space agency would like you to know there isn't one. In fact, as you may recall, there still are no humans on the Red Planet, just a few robots.

If you hadn't heard about the notion that children have been secretly shipped to a colony on Mars over the past couple of decades, it's probably because you don't spend much time on the more conspiracy-minded corners of the internet or radio dial.

This week, leading conspiracy hawker Alex Jones hosted a discussion of the absurd child slave colony story on his long-running web and radio show "Infowars."

"This may strike your listeners as way out but we actually believe that there is a colony on Mars that is populated by children who were kidnapped and sent into space on a 20-year-ride," guest Robert David Steele, described by Jones as a "researcher," said on Thursday's show. "So that once they get to Mars they have no alternative but to be slaves on the Mars colony."

There is, of course, no credible evidence for any such claim. But just in case, the Daily Beastasked NASA about it.

"There are no humans on Mars. There are active rovers on Mars. There was a rumor going around last week that there weren't. There are," NASA spokesman Guy Webster told the outlet. "But there are no humans." 

NASA engineer Bobak Ferdowsi, perhaps better known as the "mohawk guy" from the Curiosity rover mission to Mars, expressed similar incredulity at the concept on Twitter.

Part of the answer to his question is that it's part of a wide-ranging and bizarre conspiracy theory spread by Jones and others that involves a sci-fi-like conception of our world in which the powerful enslave and murder children to harvest their energy in some weird, "Highlander"-like way.

Jones has been a fixture on the conspiracy theory scene dating back to the 1990s. He gained new prominence over the past few years when it became clear he and Donald Trump had a mutual admiration for one another. Jones was an early Trump supporter, and the president has called Jones a "good guy."

If you want to go down the rabbit hole of Jones' Mars slave ideas, his extended appearance on a recent episode of the "Joe Rogan Experience" podcast provides a primer on the insanity.

Of course to some, NASA's denial of an interplanetary child slave trade only strengthens the case that such a thing exists -- despite the fact it would be really hard to keep all those rocket launches secret as they tend to be loud. Because, obviously any government agency involved in such a conspiracy is going to deny it, right?
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*yet

 
Galileo said:
Chinese "teleport" photon between earth and satellite.  They destroy the distance record with another confirmation of quantum entanglement.  But...

...not exactly a finely tuned process here.
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but still... pretty nuts and I had no idea this kind of thing was going on:

In the experiment, photons were beamed from a ground station in Ngari in Tibet to China’s Micius satellite, which is in orbit 300 miles above Earth.

The research hinged on a bizarre effect known as quantum entanglement, in which pairs of particles are generated simultaneously meaning they inhabit a single, shared quantum state. Counter-intuitively, this twinned existence continues, even when the particles are separated by vast distances: any change in one will still affect the other.

Scientists can exploit this effect to transfer information between the two entangled particles. In quantum teleportation, a third particle is introduced and entangled with one of the original pair, in such a way that its distant partner assumes the exact state of the third particle.

Advertisement

For all intents and purposes, the distant particle takes on the identity of the new particle that its partner has interacted with.

Quantum teleportation could be harnessed to produce a new form of communication network, in which information would be encoded by the quantum states of entangled photons, rather than strings of 0s and 1s. The huge security advantage would be that it would be impossible for an eavesdropper to measure the photons’ states without disturbing them and revealing their presence.
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Walking Boot said:
They're not really "beaming" anything. Nothing is actually moving.

What they're doing is taking a particle here on earth, reading it's measurements, then having a particle that's already up on the satellite assume the same measurements. For all scientific intents and purposes, the second particle in space is now exactly the same as the one on earth. It's been "teleported" up there.
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so they're created concurrently in the same spot, and then split apart- one going up into the satellite, and the other staying on earth? and the "teleporting" is just the shared state they exhibit... changes to the one other occur to the one in orbit?

 
Walking Boot said:
Someone elsewhere explained it like this:

Suppose you had a red ball, and a green ball. And you draw one of those two balls without looking at it, and put it in a bag. Now, that ball is either red or green, but until you look at it, it's red/green. Both at once.

Suppose then you draw the second ball, and look at it, and it's red. Then you know the other ball hidden in the bag is green. Right?

So let's say you do this again... you draw one of the balls, red or green, put it in a bag without looking at it, then launch the bag into space, and put the other ball in a bag here on earth, without looking at it either. Then, someone walks in with a third ball. It's green, but the guy wants to send that ball into space without anyone actually knowing that it's green. So, the scientists here on the ground open their bag, and see what's inside, and show it to the guy with the secret ball. He then sends a message to the satellite, either "same" or "different", as in, our ball in our bag is either the same color, or a different color, than this third ball this guy walked in with. They send the message "SAME". Someone up on the satellite opens up their bag and sees what they have inside. Say it's a red ball. The guy in the satellite then knows the other ball on earth is green, and therefore the 'secret' ball is also green. The information about the secret ball has now been "teleported" up into space. If the guy on the satellite has some green paint, they can say the 'secret' ball has been sent into space without directly divulging the identity of the secret ball.
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:loco:

 
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