To clarify my last point- I remain, and always will remain, a fiscal conservative in terms of I believe that the private sector is more efficient than the public sector, I believe that free trade creates a prosperous society (and is the best avenue to bring about world peace and prosperity), and I believe that less government controls and lower taxes, if possible, lead to better societal outcomes in general. These beliefs are part of my core philosophy and I will never abandon them.
BUT- this question of whether or not society benefits from the government spending more than it earns in any single year- to me, that's an open debate. While the standard conservative position that we shouldn't spend more than we earn makes intuitive sense, the progressive (Keynesian?) position that we can and should spend more than we earn has a lot of historical backup. The question I always have for the Keynesians is what is the limit? As Rich sarcastically put earlier, why not simply spend limitless amounts? Currently the debt is 17 trillion. Progressives tell us this is no big deal because they look at it as a percentage of our overall GDP. That's a fair enough argument, except that it presumes that there is a point where it IS a big deal. What would that point be? 35 trillion? 100 trillion? This is not meant to be a rhetorical question on my part; I honestly don't know how progressives would answer that question.
As a percentage of GDP is important, but using that metric we're at dangerously high levels. WWII is the only time we eclipsed where we're at currently (122% vs about 100% today). We were able to grow out of that debt due to double digit growth for several decades.
Today's situation isn't remotely comparable and there's basically no hope that we'll experience those levels of growth that would allow us to simply grow out of it while having little regard for government spending and expansion. The only real hope to grow out of it is to balance or get close to balancing the budget which will allow us to grow out of it a couple percentage points at a time.
Well, the bolded is certainly the conservative POV. The progressive POV is that we can and will grow out of it.
I don't know which is the correct POV, but the progressive opinion is far easier to accept. Your solution of balancing the budget is politically impracticable. As I wrote earlier, I don't believe the American public will ever accept the immediate and drastic changes that would be inevitable if we want to balance the budget.
You just need to look at the historical tables to see how foolish it is to believe we could experience growth like this:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/historicals
2nd table will show you what our GDP has been during all of these periods.
In 1950 we had a GDP of 273 billion.
By 1960 is was 518.9 billion, 90% growth.
By 1970 it was 1,012.7 billion. 95% growth.
By 1980 it was 2724 billion. 169% growth!
By 1990 it was 5734.5. 110% growth.
By 2000 it was 9821. 71% growth.
By 2010 it was 14384 billion. 46% growth.
We got 4% from 2010 - 2011. 4.1% from 2011-2012.
Getting double digit growth on average is NOT going to happen again. It hasn't happened in decades. Growth was slowing even in the 90's and there's no hope that our economy is going to double and double again in the coming decades. Especially when we're investing most of our money in caring for elderly people and don't manufacture much of anything. No chance whatsoever. I really don't understand how anyone could possibly believe this fairy tale.