Nazi Germany had a strong
anti-tobacco movement. Pioneering research by Franz H. Müller in 1939 demonstrated a causal link between tobacco smoking and lung cancer.
[337] The Reich Health Office took measures to try to limit smoking, including producing lectures and pamphlets.
[338] Smoking was banned in many workplaces, on trains, and among on-duty members of the military.
[339] Government agencies also worked to control other carcinogenic substances such as asbestos and pesticides.
[340] As part of a general public health campaign, water supplies were cleaned up, lead and mercury were removed from consumer products, and women were urged to undergo regular screenings for breast cancer.
[341][342]
Government-run health care insurance plans were available, but Jews were denied coverage starting in 1933. That same year, Jewish doctors were forbidden to treat government-insured patients. In 1937 Jewish doctors were forbidden to treat non-Jewish patients, and in 1938 their right to practice medicine was removed entirely.
[343]