Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency requiring immediate surgical treatment, known as a fasciotomy, to allow the pressure to return to normal.
Subacute compartment syndrome, while not quite as much of an emergency, usually requires urgent surgical treatment similar to acute compartment syndrome.
Chronic compartment syndrome in the lower leg can be treated conservatively or surgically. Conservative treatment includes rest, anti-inflammatories, elevation of the limb and manual decompression. In cases where symptoms persist, the condition should be treated by a surgical procedure, subcutaneous fasciotomy or open fasciotomy. Left untreated, chronic compartment syndrome can develop into the acute syndrome. A possible complication of surgical intervention for chronic compartment syndrome can be chronic venous insufficiency.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been shown to be a useful adjunctive therapy for crush injury, compartment syndrome, and other acute traumatic ischemias by improving wound healing and reducing repetitive surgery.
Looked pretty nasty on wiki. Sounds really bad too.