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Russia Is Replicating Iranian Drones and Using Them to Attack Ukraine
Called the Geran-2, the drones are a Russian-made version of the Shahed-136, which explodes on impact, researchers say.
Russia has begun making copies of attack drones it acquired from Iran last year and is using them in combat against Ukrainian forces despite sanctions imposed to cripple the country’s weapons production, according to a report issued Thursday by a weapons research group.
The researchers traveled to Kyiv in late July and inspected the wreckage of two attack drones that were used in combat in southeastern Ukraine. Both appeared to be Iranian Shahed-136s, but they contained electronic modules that match components previously recovered from Russian surveillance drones, according to the report.
Additionally, the materials used to build the two drones and the internal structure of their fuselages differed greatly from those known to have been made in Iran, the researchers said.
The Russian-made versions of the Shahed-136 are commonly marked as Geran-2, or Geranium-2 in Russian. Photos of them appeared in Ukrainian news outlets in July, and The Long War Journal, a publication of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, also recently wrote about them.
And while Iranian Shahed-136 drones marked Geran-2 have previously been recovered in Ukraine, the evidence presented in the report indicates that Russian-made copies with the same name are now in use.
The fuselage of the Iranian drones the researchers inspected was constructed with a lightweight honeycomb type of material, but the Russian Gerans were made with fiberglass over layers of woven carbon fiber, according to the report.
The guidance sections of both Gerans recovered in July contained electronic modules called Kometa — Russian for comet — that the researchers previously found in Russian drones that were recovered on the battlefield.
By using Kometa guidance systems, the Russians have simplified the internal electronics needed to fly and guide the drones.
“It also shows how they were able to adjust the basic operating principles of the Shahed, streamlining them and using modules that were battle-tested in other types of weapons instead of reinventing the wheel,” Mr. Spleeters said.
Military analysts have been watching to see whether Russia would be able to make its own one-way attack drones since the Iranian weapons entered the conflict, according to Samuel Bendett, an expert on Russian military drones at the Center for Naval Analyses, a research organization based in Virginia.
“We’ve now seen in Russian media that these are in fact domestic assembly, and there are changes introduced in the design based on their own needs,” Mr. Bendett said. “This is indicative of Russians trying to come up with a drone that’s just as capable as the original Shahed that could then be scaled up in significant quantities.”
“The ultimate goal for them is to maintain the capacity while making them more effective and actually driving down the costs,” he said.