http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1875478-breaking-down-how-the-nfl-substance-abuse-policy-works
Don't know if this has been posted yet, but an interesting read. Just a couple of the highlights below.
For the substances of abuse agreement, each player will be tested during the preseason. Any other testings happen upon agreement in the player's contract—which may be different for different players.
However, and this is where it gets tricky, once you test positively for any of the above substances, it's game over—effective immediately. That player needs to basically be ready to pee in any cup, any time, anywhere as mandated by the NFL's medical officers.
The player also gets a mandated physical examination. Some positive samples could, at least hypothetically, be levels of naturally occurring chemicals that are just out of whack. If the banned substance was taken accidentally or in good faith, this is also a good opportunity to make sure it didn't do any lasting damage and to educate the player. This could also include psychological examinations for possible addiction.
Under both policies, there is a specific appeals process set in front of either the commissioner or a designated hearing officer. Penalties are thus stayed during the appeals process. Perhaps more importantly, the burden of proof is placed on the league during this process in terms of collection procedures, chain of custody, etc.
No, it isn't just "getting off on a technicality." It's how justice is supposed to work—even for athletes.
finally, the players have a right to confidentiality under both these agreements. Agents
hate it when a supposedly confidential medical procedure becomes dirty laundry being aired about—especially because misinformation tends to fly around at the same time.
A league source confided in me recently that at least two suspensions in his time around the league had been erroneously reported as a substance it wasn't. A lot of entities have reason to make up news around a positive test—including both sides of the player/team aisle and less-scrupulous media hounds looking for a story. This misinformation can be created to make the positive test look either more or less serious, for a multitude of reasons.
The bottom line for an NFL player is that part of their job is managing what goes into their body. Lots of designer supplements come out that promise huge personal gains, but if they contain banned substances, they're a no-no, and naiveté isn't an excuse. Moreover, conducting one's self professionally is also part of the job, and that means following the law as it pertains to a lot of things, but especially recreational substances.
There's very little excuse for a player to be suspended under one of these policies, but the NFL is confident that the procedures in place make sure no one slips through the cracks. It's a higher standard that NFL players are held to, because the NFL isn't just a game—it's a very important and profitable business.
Michael Schottey is an NFL National Lead Writer for Bleacher Report and a member of the Pro Football Writers of America. Find more of his stuff at The Go Route and follow him on Twitter.