Long-term exposure to excessive fluoride in water can lead to dental fluorosis (white spots or staining on teeth) in children with developing teeth, and in adults, skeletal fluorosis, a condition where fluoride accumulates in bones causing joint pain, stiffness, and potential bone weakness or fractures, particularly in older individuals; both conditions are primarily a result of consuming water with fluoride levels significantly above recommended standards.
Key points about long-term fluoride exposure:
- Dental fluorosis:
This is the most common adverse effect from excess fluoride, appearing as white spots or discoloration on teeth, especially in children during tooth development.
- Skeletal fluorosis:
When high levels of fluoride are consumed over a long period, it can accumulate in bones, leading to bone stiffness, joint pain, and increased fracture risk.
- Potential concerns:
While research is ongoing, some studies have raised concerns about possible links between high fluoride intake and cognitive issues, particularly in children.
Important factors to consider:
- Recommended levels:
Public health agencies set safe fluoride levels in drinking water to prevent tooth decay while minimizing the risk of adverse effects.
- Individual variations:
Susceptibility to fluoride-related issues can vary depending on factors like age, diet, and genetics