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HOW TO GET TO HEAVEN WHEN YOU DIE! Read This First Post, THEN Q & A Discussion! ASK QUESTIONS HERE! (1 Viewer)

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This is a dictinction without a difference. So your claim is that Calculus is something we can thank Christians for (as opposed to Christianity itself). But surely being Christian is something we can thank Christianity for. So how was my initial reply off point? This nit seems particularly unpickable.

 
To claim that being Christian is the proximate cause of the development of Calculus, one would have to make a compelling argument that they would not have developed Calculus had they not been Christian. I don't see how that's even possible. To even think that there's a correlation here seems ludicrous at best.

 
To claim that being Christian is the proximate cause of the development of Calculus, one would have to make a compelling argument that they would not have developed Calculus had they not been Christian. I don't see how that's even possible. To even think that there's a correlation here seems ludicrous at best.
:goodposting:

Had the two actually been practicing orthodox christians, history likely would have unfolded differently.  

 
Isaac Newton was born to a christian family, however by his thirties his religious beliefs were more deist than christian. Even if one were to claim he was a christian, they would have to accept that his christian beliefs were not orthodox. In fact, today his beliefs would be considered heresy. He rejected the concept of the trinity and saw worshiping Jesus as god to be idolatry. He also rejected the idea of an immortal soul, and the existence of the devil and demons. 

Gottfried Leibniz can be called a christian, as he never really challenged it much. But he also rarely ever went to church. He said he was a priest of natural rights and that was all he found in the bible. It's also rumored that he rejected blessings on his deathbed. If anything, he's was a christian by birth, and birth only. 

To thank Christianity for calculus because of these two is laughable. But again were talking about a religion that takes credit for everything and makes up BS to explain how it takes credit for it. It's Christmas time. Need a better example?
You made a poor statement that was easily refuted.  You could acknowledge that, but instead you're doubling down on a straw man argument.

Have fun with that.

 
You made a poor statement that was easily refuted.  You could acknowledge that, but instead you're doubling down on a straw man argument.

Have fun with that.
You made a statement that is such a reach numerous people have refuted it. I'd say have fun with that, but given you're a christian, you do that on a daily basis so it's probably not fun anymore. 

 
I'm beginning to think Jrodicus doesn't actually understand what a straw man is. He seems to think he can just wave it around like a get out of jail free card.

 
I'm beginning to think Jrodicus doesn't actually understand what a straw man is. He seems to think he can just wave it around like a get out of jail free card.
GIven Newton and Leibniz are weak representations of christians, he used strawmen to try and make his point. 

 
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You made a statement that is such a reach numerous people have refuted it. I'd say have fun with that, but given you're a christian, you do that on a daily basis so it's probably not fun anymore. 
My statement was that Newton was a Christian.  Please, feel free to post a link to your evidence that he was not.  Try to stay focused this time.

 
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I'm beginning to think Jrodicus doesn't actually understand what a straw man is. He seems to think he can just wave it around like a get out of jail free card.
Well, if you're starting to think now, that would explain a lot of what you've already said.  Perhaps you should start thinking first next time around, eh?

 
Well, if you're starting to think now, that would explain a lot of what you've already said.  Perhaps you should start thinking first next time around, eh?
You really are just digging your hole deeper. You start a game of "name that logical fallacy" and this is what you show up with?

 
My statement was that Newton was a Christian.  Please, feel free to post a link to your evidence that he was not.  Try to stay focused this time.
:lmao:  at the bolded!

From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_of_Isaac_Newton

"Although born into an Anglican family, by his thirties Newton held a Christian faith that, had it been made public, would not have been considered orthodox by mainstream Christianity; in recent times he has been described as a heretic.

Newton's religious views developed as a result of participation in an investigative discourse with Nature (the nature of the world) and developed from the apparent dichotomy of biblical reality from the increasing revealing of the structure of reality from investigation, and the subsequent challenges these truths of nature posed toward established religion for Newton, especially in light of Christian scriptural belief. Unorthodoxy was made necessary for Newton, and those affiliated with him, by the need for rediscovery of a prisca truth that had been hidden somewhere in the time of classical history.

According to most scholars, Newton was Arian, not holding to Trinitarianism. In Newton's eyes, worshipping Christ as God was idolatry, to him the fundamental sin. As well as being antitrinitarian, Newton allegedly rejected the orthodox doctrines of the immortal soul, a personal devil and literal demons. Although he was not a Socinian he shared many similar beliefs with them."

Newton believed worshiping Christ as God was idotatry. Essentially he believed every Christian is committing THE fundamental sin.

My religious beliefs are very similar to Newton's, which are very different than Christians. No Christian would call me a Christian. It's laughable to call Newton one, unless it's because we was born into a Christian family. 

 
:lmao:  at the bolded!

From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_of_Isaac_Newton

"Although born into an Anglican family, by his thirties Newton held a Christian faith that, had it been made public, would not have been considered orthodox by mainstream Christianity; in recent times he has been described as a heretic.

Newton's religious views developed as a result of participation in an investigative discourse with Nature (the nature of the world) and developed from the apparent dichotomy of biblical reality from the increasing revealing of the structure of reality from investigation, and the subsequent challenges these truths of nature posed toward established religion for Newton, especially in light of Christian scriptural belief. Unorthodoxy was made necessary for Newton, and those affiliated with him, by the need for rediscovery of a prisca truth that had been hidden somewhere in the time of classical history.

According to most scholars, Newton was Arian, not holding to Trinitarianism. In Newton's eyes, worshipping Christ as God was idolatry, to him the fundamental sin. As well as being antitrinitarian, Newton allegedly rejected the orthodox doctrines of the immortal soul, a personal devil and literal demons. Although he was not a Socinian he shared many similar beliefs with them."

Newton believed worshiping Christ as God was idotatry. Essentially he believed every Christian is committing THE fundamental sin.

My religious beliefs are very similar to Newton's, which are very different than Christians. No Christian would call me a Christian. It's laughable to call Newton one, unless it's because we was born into a Christian family. 
You've yet to define what a "Christian" is, so it is silly to claim that you've made any positive assertions.  Just because you may only be familiar with Evangelical Christians and/or Catholics does not mean that Newton's views disqualify him from being under the "Christian" umbrella. 

Annihilationism - the belief that not all souls are eternal - is not a new concept to Christianity.  It has been around since at least the 2nd century, and many Biblical passages give it credence (Matthew 3:12, for example).

What became known as Arianism - that Jesus is God's Son and subordinate to God the Father - is again just as old, and also has credence in the Bible (Mark 10:18 and John 16:28, among others).

Both views were acceptable until politics with the Catholic church deemed them to be heresy just like it did with countless other things.  Other views that some have today - like the belief that Jesus was crucified with 3 nails instead of 4, not accepting infant baptism, prayers for the dead, that priests should not be wealthy, or even freedom of the press - were once considered heretical, and yet I doubt that you would claim any of those views would disqualify someone from being called a Christian.

Again, you're showing a very limited understand of what the word "Christian" means, and if you merely define it as a belief in the Nicene Creed, you are severely mistaken.

Either that, or maybe I'm just 12 and you can continue to be dismissive.

 
You've yet to define what a "Christian" is, so it is silly to claim that you've made any positive assertions.  Just because you may only be familiar with Evangelical Christians and/or Catholics does not mean that Newton's views disqualify him from being under the "Christian" umbrella. 

Annihilationism - the belief that not all souls are eternal - is not a new concept to Christianity.  It has been around since at least the 2nd century, and many Biblical passages give it credence (Matthew 3:12, for example).

What became known as Arianism - that Jesus is God's Son and subordinate to God the Father - is again just as old, and also has credence in the Bible (Mark 10:18 and John 16:28, among others).

Both views were acceptable until politics with the Catholic church deemed them to be heresy just like it did with countless other things.  Other views that some have today - like the belief that Jesus was crucified with 3 nails instead of 4, not accepting infant baptism, prayers for the dead, that priests should not be wealthy, or even freedom of the press - were once considered heretical, and yet I doubt that you would claim any of those views would disqualify someone from being called a Christian.

Again, you're showing a very limited understand of what the word "Christian" means, and if you merely define it as a belief in the Nicene Creed, you are severely mistaken.

Either that, or maybe I'm just 12 and you can continue to be dismissive.
In other words, you need to use a very broad definition of "christian" in order to give credit for calculus to christianity. Whatever works for you. 

 
Even if Newton were the most doctrinarian paragon exemplar Christian, there still wouldn't exist any kind of causal connection between any of those beliefs and the math he developed. Its not the narrowness of Christianity that's the problem, it's the relevance.

 
[SIZE=8.5pt]Several years ago, My cousin was playing with a lighter in his bedroom. He caught a newspaper or comic book or something on fire and threw it on his bed. There were several people sleeping there. The whole house went up in flames. Everyone got out except for my 3 year old cousin sarah. They had written her off as dead. The whole house was in flames and filled with smoke. An off duty fireman happened to be driving by and saw the smoke. He stopped to help. He looked into the bedroom window and saw her sitting under the window with her hands on her head. He pulled her out and she was burned and has some scars to this day. He asked her how she knew to come over to that window and sit on the ground. She said that the man in the fire told her "Don't be afraid, to go over to the window sit down and put your hands over your head and face". Years later, she recounted her story with me. She said that the man had no face, light shining from it, he was 3 feet tall and dressed in white. He was floating in the corner of the room. My Grandparents were deeply committed Christians. Often times my Grandmother would be up all night, having trouble sleeping, praying for the safety of the family. At the same exact time that the fire was going on, my grandmother was several miles away sleeping in her bed. She heard a voice that told her "There's been a fire, Liz and the kids got out ok". A few minutes later, my Grandfather got the call on the phone "There's been a fire, liz and the kids got out ok" He tried to tell her what they said, but she already knew. The reason that God Spoke to her, I believe, is because it was HER prayer that the Lord was answering. Otherwise, my cousin would have died in the fire.[/SIZE]

 
It'd have been a better story if God just didn't let the house catch fire.  But I guess a 3 year old with burn scars is a better way for God to make his point.  

 
It's time to out this paddington guy and track him down ctsu style. 

:ctsu:

 
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[SIZE=8.5pt]Several years ago, My cousin was playing with a lighter in his bedroom. He caught a newspaper or comic book or something on fire and threw it on his bed. There were several people sleeping there. The whole house went up in flames. Everyone got out except for my 3 year old cousin sarah. They had written her off as dead. The whole house was in flames and filled with smoke. An off duty fireman happened to be driving by and saw the smoke. He stopped to help. He looked into the bedroom window and saw her sitting under the window with her hands on her head. He pulled her out and she was burned and has some scars to this day. He asked her how she knew to come over to that window and sit on the ground. She said that the man in the fire told her "Don't be afraid, to go over to the window sit down and put your hands over your head and face". Years later, she recounted her story with me. She said that the man had no face, light shining from it, he was 3 feet tall and dressed in white. He was floating in the corner of the room. My Grandparents were deeply committed Christians. Often times my Grandmother would be up all night, having trouble sleeping, praying for the safety of the family. At the same exact time that the fire was going on, my grandmother was several miles away sleeping in her bed. She heard a voice that told her "There's been a fire, Liz and the kids got out ok". A few minutes later, my Grandfather got the call on the phone "There's been a fire, liz and the kids got out ok" He tried to tell her what they said, but she already knew. The reason that God Spoke to her, I believe, is because it was HER prayer that the Lord was answering. Otherwise, my cousin would have died in the fire.[/SIZE]
What kind of **** god would take a family's home and burn a 3 year old child?

 
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proninja said:
If Arianism is considered Christian then I'm not sure why we even have words that mean things anymore. 
Feel free to define the word "Christian"...or does your one-line quip show how willing you are to participate in actual dialogue?

 
proninja said:
I feel it's best to let the history of the church define itself rather than attempt to superimpose an arbitrary definition I make on top of her. 

The church spoke loud and clear and said that Arianism is something entirely other than Christianity. I'm comfortable with that. 
So that's a no then for defining the word?  You don't care to, or can't, define it, but you're sure that my definition is wrong?  Gotcha.

To which church do you refer?  Catholic?  If that's the case...then all Protestant churches commit heresy.

 
proninja said:
I'd go back and re-read what I wrote. You seem to have some challenges understanding it. I will let the church define herself, and I will give that respect to any group of people. I won't call people who commit terrorism Muslims because that is my perception of Muslims. We should let the combined writings of a group where said group evaluates all sorts of ideas over millenia define itself, rather than you or I taking a stab at it. Over the history of the church, Arianism has been deemed to be outside of Christianity by thousands of years of Christians. Your arrogance that you think a definition can be made up by some uneducated, unstudied guy a couple thousand years later that invalidates all of that is utterly laughable. A joke. The church has overwhelmingly rejected Arianism. If you want to practice Arianism, you should practice a religion that is honest enough to call it something different than Christianity, because it absolutely is. 

When I refer to the church, I refer to the church catholic. 
Arius lived about 1700 years ago or so, so no, it hasn't been rejected by thousands of years of Christians. 

His main point, which many people also shared until Constantine decided it was heresy, was that Jesus was the Son of God and created by God at some point in time, as opposed to Jesus being eternal and a part of a Trinity that has always existed.  Again, this was a very popular belief for the first few centuries of the church.  There are many other views that involve some sort of non-Trinitarian perspective. 

Eastern Orthodoxy is just as old as Roman Catholicism (some might argue older), so you are welcome to get off of your high horse.

I did notice that you only highlighted Arianism out of my earlier post.  Like I said before, other views that some have today - like the belief that Jesus was crucified with 3 nails instead of 4, not accepting infant baptism, prayers for the dead, that priests should not be wealthy, or even freedom of the press - were once considered heretical, and yet I doubt that you would claim any of those views would disqualify someone from being called a Christian.

If you're basing your views solely on what the Catholic church allows, then you are disavowing millions of Protestants.

 
and yet I doubt that you would claim any of those views would disqualify someone from being called a Christian.

If you're basing your views solely on what the Catholic church allows, then you are disavowing millions of Protestants.
Rejecting that Jesus is God would disqualify someone from being called Christian. If it doesn't, then it opens up a can of worms. For example it would mean Muslims are Christians too, as not only do they believe Jesus existed and had his ministry, they hold him as a very important prophet. 

 
proninja said:
So I guess you're not familiar with the difference between the church catholic and the Roman Catholic Church, huh? When I say the "church catholic" I mean the universal church, using catholic by its original meaning. I would consider Protestants, Orthodox, and Catholics to be part of the Christian church.

Typically in a theological discussion you'll notice this by the fact that it isn't capitalized, whereas when people talk about the Roman Catholic Church they'll capitalize it. Welcome to the theology discussions! Once you learn a few basic things you'll find that we can have some pretty good discussions around here. 
I've literally never seen anyone use that expression...and neither has Google.  To be frank, based on what you've already posted, I just figured English was your second language.

 
Rejecting that Jesus is God would disqualify someone from being called Christian. If it doesn't, then it opens up a can of worms. For example it would mean Muslims are Christians too, as not only do they believe Jesus existed and had his ministry, they hold him as a very important prophet. 
Arius didn't reject Jesus' divinity - he believed Jesus was not on the same level as God the Father and that Jesus was created at the time of his birth on Earth.  There are other groups that believe Jesus' divinity began after he was baptized by John the Baptist.

From what I've read of the Quran, it talks about Jesus quite a bit.  The sections that come to mind would probably agree with Arianism.  I don't have it in front of me to look it up, but one book chastises the Jews for rejecting Jesus, God's son, and then chastises Christians for putting Jesus on too high of a pedestal and worshiping him instead of God the Father.

We've gotten way off track, and I'm not saying I agree or disagree with any of these positions.  I'm merely stating that claiming Newton wasn't a Christian because he didn't hold a Trinitarian view is misguided.  There were some Pope's that did this as well, for crying out loud.

And of course giving Christianity the credit for Newton's accomplishments is silly.  But that's a straw man; my initial complaint was the sentiment that Christians, not Christianity, haven't made contributions to science.

 
Arius didn't reject Jesus' divinity - he believed Jesus was not on the same level as God the Father and that Jesus was created at the time of his birth on Earth.  There are other groups that believe Jesus' divinity began after he was baptized by John the Baptist.

From what I've read of the Quran, it talks about Jesus quite a bit.  The sections that come to mind would probably agree with Arianism.  I don't have it in front of me to look it up, but one book chastises the Jews for rejecting Jesus, God's son, and then chastises Christians for putting Jesus on too high of a pedestal and worshiping him instead of God the Father.

We've gotten way off track, and I'm not saying I agree or disagree with any of these positions.  I'm merely stating that claiming Newton wasn't a Christian because he didn't hold a Trinitarian view is misguided.  There were some Pope's that did this as well, for crying out loud.

And of course giving Christianity the credit for Newton's accomplishments is silly.  But that's a straw man; my initial complaint was the sentiment that Christians, not Christianity, haven't made contributions to science.
Newton rejected the divinity of Jesus. In Newton's eyes, worshipping Christ as God was idolatry, to him the fundamental sin.

 
proninja said:
I see catholic.  I know catholic.  I've seen catholic vs. Catholic.

Where's church catholic in your search?  It's apparently such a common expression that I'm a moron, yet you can't give an example?  Perhaps you'd like to dodge it like you've dodged all the other heresies of the big C Catholic church besides Arianism?

 
Politician Spock said:
Newton rejected the divinity of Jesus. In Newton's eyes, worshipping Christ as God was idolatry, to him the fundamental sin.
We know, however, that Newton believed in the divinity of Christ and the Holy Spirit; he also believed that Jesus was the Messiah and atoned for our sins with his death on the cross.  Newton even believed, contrary to Arianism (of which he is usually accused), in the eternality of the Son.  He also embraced the straightforwardly biblical position that the Father and Son are one.  What Newton did not believe, however, was that the Father and Son were one in the sense that they were consubstantial or of the same substance.  According to Newton, the Father and Son were one, but this unity was not a metaphysical unity; rather, it was one of dominion and purpose.
http://www.credenda.org/index.php/Theology/isaac-newton-on-the-trinity-hypothesis.html

 
Politician Spock said:
Newton rejected the divinity of Jesus. In Newton's eyes, worshipping Christ as God was idolatry, to him the fundamental sin.
``The heathens made all their Gods of one substance and sometimes called them one God, and yet were polytheists. Nothing can make two persons one God but unity of dominion. And if the Father and Son be united in dominion, the son being subordinate to the father and sitting in his throne, they can no more be called two Gods then a King and his viceroy can be called two kings.'' Newton refuted the doctrine of consubstantiality, arguing that it did not establish Christ's divinity or his right to be adored -- ``The heathens and Gnosticks supposed not only their Gods but even the souls of men and the starrs to be of one substance with the supreme God and yet were Idolaters for worshipping them.....Tis not consubstantiality but power and dominion which gives a right to be worshipped.'' (Manuel 1974, pp 59-60).
http://www.credenda.org/index.php/Theology/isaac-newton-on-the-trinity-hypothesis.html

 
Politician Spock said:
Newton rejected the divinity of Jesus. In Newton's eyes, worshipping Christ as God was idolatry, to him the fundamental sin.
Newton composed the first article from an amalgam of the scriptural text 1 Timothy 2:5 (.For there is

one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.), the opening words of the Apostles.

Creed (.I believe in God the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, and in Jesus Christ his only begotten

Son our Lord.), along with the addition of three terms describing uniquely divine attributes (.everliving,.

.omnipresent. and .omniscient.). The arrangement of the first six words may also be influenced by the wording

of 1 Corinthians 8:6 (.But to us there is but one God, the Father ... .), another favourite verse of Newton.s

that is cited in extenso
2. .There is one God the Father.: the fundamental biblically-derived tenet of unitarian theology. Like

the Arians of the fourth century A.D. and the Socinians, Transylvanian Unitarians and English Unitarians of

the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries, Newton believed that God is one not only in essence (as in Trinitarian

theology) but also in person. For Newton and most other biblicist antitrinitarians, the One God was the Father

alone. In other words, when not otherwise qualified, the terms .God. and .Father. are synonyms. The distinction

is not merely between the Father and the Son, as in orthodox Trinitarianism but between the unipersonal

God and Christ. The Arian view is outlined in Maurice Wiles, Archetypal heresy: Arianism through the centuries

(Oxford, 1996). For a Socinian work advocating at length the exclusive underived Deity of the Father, see

Johann Crell.s The two books of John Crellius Francus, touching One God the Father ([London], 1665).

Newton explicitly equates the one true God with the Father at several points in his manuscripts. In one of

these passages, Newton sets out some of the distinctions between the Father, Christ and the Holy Spirit:

To beleive in one God & +in, one Lord +& in the Holy Ghost, is to beleive in them aright in order

to practise +our duty towards them,. In one God the God of the Patriarchs, +the, Jewss & the

Christians, the father who hath life in himself & hath given the Son to have life in himself, the

author of life to all intelligent beings, the Almighty +or universal dominion monarch,

B"<J@6DVJTD, +that is, the supreme & universal governour of the Universe, the maker of

heaven & earth & +of, all things therein visible & invisible. ? In one Lord, the Son who hath

received life from the father, & was slain for us, & rose again the th from the dead, & ascended

into heaven, & sitteth at the right hand of God +who, to express his being next to the father in

dignity & dominion is said to sit at the right hand of God +the father,, & who shall retu come

again to judge the & reign over the quick who remain alive in +ye, flesh, & the dead whom he

shall raise again to life & reward according to their works at his coming & his kingdom. +for his

must reign till he hath put all things under his feet, the last of wch is death, that is till all the dead

are raised & judged., And in the Holy Ghost whom Christ promised to send to confort the elect

+to assist & comfort them, & to shew them things to come (Keynes MS 3, p. 43).
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiI8s_Tx-zQAhUHOCYKHUeQBrMQFgg_MAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.media.mit.edu%2F~picard%2Fpersonal%2FNewton.php&usg=AFQjCNFinU7E4cvv4CBg0HyGbCtbAzGkaA&sig2=CRIZijJXkvdW5PtMm34cVQ

 
Of course credena.org is going to claim Newton believed in the divinty of christ. It's a christian magazine, and christians are notorious for making :bs:  claims. 

Richard Westfal, who is best known for his biography if Isaac Newton, and who has no reason to be biased about such, says Newton rejected the divinity of christ.

See: "Westfall, Richard S. (1994). The Life of Isaac Newton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47737-9."

 
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Maybe some of the learned religious people can help me out with this one.  I've heard the phrase "Jesus Christ on a pogo stick" before, but am unsure of its origin.  Did Jesus really have a pogo stick?  Wikipedia says the pogo stick was invented approximately in 1891, which is a few years after Baby Jesus was kicked the ole bucket.  So... Jesus on a pogo stick or not??

TIA

 
Maybe some of the learned religious people can help me out with this one.  I've heard the phrase "Jesus Christ on a pogo stick" before, but am unsure of its origin.  Did Jesus really have a pogo stick?  Wikipedia says the pogo stick was invented approximately in 1891, which is a few years after Baby Jesus was kicked the ole bucket.  So... Jesus on a pogo stick or not??

TIA
A pogo stick is a cross with a spring.

They didn't really know what springs were back then, so they described the bouncing up and down that he was doing as "ascending into heaven".

 
GENESIS



Chapter 1

The Creation

1 aIn the beginning bGod ccreated the heavens and the earth.

2 The earth was 1aformless and void, and bdarkness was over the 2surface of the deep, and cthe Spirit of God dwas 3moving over the 2surface of the waters.

3 Then aGod said, “Let there be light”; and there was light.

4 God saw that the light was agood; and God bseparated the light from the darkness.

5 aGod called the light day, and the darkness He called night. And bthere was evening and there was morning, one day.

6 Then God said, “Let there be 1an aexpanse in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters.”

7 God made the 1expanse, and separated athe waters which were below the 1expanse from the waters bwhich were above the 1expanse; and it was so.

8 God called the 1expanse heaven. And there was evening and there was morning, a second day.

9 Then God said, “aLet the waters below the heavens be gathered into one place, and let bthe dry land appear”; and it was so.

10 God called the dry land earth, and the agathering of the waters He called seas; and God saw that it was good.

11 Then God said, “Let the earth sprout 1avegetation, 2plants yielding seed, and fruit trees on the earth bearing fruit after 3their kind 4with seed in them”; and it was so.

12 The earth brought forth 1vegetation, 2plants yielding seed after 3their kind, and trees bearing fruit 4with seed in them, after 3their kind; and God saw that it was good.

13 There was evening and there was morning, a third day.

14 Then God said, “Let there be 1alights in the 2bexpanse of the heavens to separate the day from the night, and let them be for csigns and for dseasons and for days and years;

15 and let them be for 1lights in the 2expanse of the heavens to give light on the earth”; and it was so.

16 God made the two 1great lights, the agreater 2light 3to govern the day, and the lesser 2light 3to govern the night; He made bthe stars also.

17 aGod placed them in the 1expanse of the heavens to give light on the earth,

18 and 1to agovern the day and the night, and to separate the light from the darkness; and God saw that it was good.

19 There was evening and there was morning, a fourth day.

20 Then God said, “Let the waters 1teem with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth 2in the open 3expanse of the heavens.”

21 God created athe great sea monsters and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarmed after their kind, and every winged bird after its kind; and God saw that it was good.

22 God blessed them, saying, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.”

23 There was evening and there was morning, a fifth day.

24 aThen God said, “Let the earth bring forth living creatures after 1their kind: cattle and creeping things and beasts of the earth after 1their kind”; and it was so.

25 God made the abeasts of the earth after 1their kind, and the cattle after 1their kind, and everything that creeps on the ground after its kind; and God saw that it was good.

26 Then God said, “Let aUs make bman in Our image, according to Our likeness; and let them crule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the 1sky and over the cattle and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.”

27 God created man ain His own image, in the image of God He created him; bmale and female He created them.

28 God blessed them; and God said to them, “aBe fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it; and rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the 1sky and over every living thing that 2moves on the earth.”

29 Then God said, “Behold, aI have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the 1surface of all the earth, and every tree 2which has fruit yielding seed; it shall be food for you;

30 and ato every beast of the earth and to every bird of the 1sky and to every thing that 2moves on the earth 3which has life, I have given every green plant for food”; and it was so.

31 God saw all that He had made, and behold, it was very agood. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.



Chapter 2

The Creation of Man and Woman

1 Thus the heavens and the earth were completed, and all atheir hosts.

2 By athe seventh day God completed His work which He had done, and bHe rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.

3 Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because in it He rested from all His work which God had created 1and made.

4 1aThis is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created, in bthe day that the Lord God made earth and heaven.

5 aNow no shrub of the field was yet in the earth, and no plant of the field had yet sprouted, bfor the Lord God had not sent rain upon the earth, and there was no man to 1cultivate the ground.

6 But a 1mist used to rise from the earth and water the whole 2surface of the ground.

7 Then the Lord God formed man of adust from the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and bman became a living 1being.

8 The Lord God planted a agarden toward the east, in Eden; and there He placed the man whom He had formed.

9 Out of the ground the Lord God caused to grow aevery tree that is pleasing to the sight and good for food; bthe tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

10 Now a ariver 1flowed out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it divided and became four 2rivers.

11 The name of the first is Pishon; it 1flows around the whole land of aHavilah, where there is gold.

12 The gold of that land is good; the bdellium and the onyx stone are there.

13 The name of the second river is Gihon; it 1flows around the whole land of Cush.

14 The name of the third river is 1aTigris; it 2flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the 3bEuphrates.

15 Then the Lord God took the man and put him into the garden of Eden to cultivate it and keep it.

16 The Lord God acommanded the man, saying, “From any tree of the garden you may eat freely;

17 but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not 1eat, for in the day that you eat from it ayou will surely die.”

18 Then the Lord God said, “It is not good for the man to be alone; aI will make him a helper 1suitable for him.”

19 aOut of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field and every bird of the 1sky, and bbrought them to the man to see what he would call them; and whatever the man called a living creature, that was its name.

20 The man gave names to all the cattle, and to the birds of the 1sky, and to every beast of the field, but for 2Adam there was not found aa helper 3suitable for him.

21 So the Lord God caused a adeep sleep to fall upon the man, and he slept; then He took one of his ribs and closed up the flesh at that place.

22 The Lord God 1fashioned into a woman athe rib which He had taken from the man, and brought her to the man.

23 The man said,

aThis is now bone of my bones,

And flesh of my flesh;

1She shall be called 2Woman,

Because 1she was taken out of 3Man.”

24 aFor this reason a man shall leave his father and his mother, and be joined to his wife; and they shall become one flesh.

25 aAnd the man and his wife were both naked and were not ashamed.



Chapter 3

The Fall of Man

1 Now athe serpent was more crafty than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made. And he said to the woman, “Indeed, has God said, ‘You shall not eat from 1any tree of the garden’?”

2 The woman said to the serpent, “aFrom the fruit of the trees of the garden we may eat;

3 but from the fruit of the tree which is in the middle of the garden, God has said, ‘You shall not eat from it or touch it, or you will die.’ ”

4 aThe serpent said to the woman, “You surely will not die!

5 “For God knows that in the day you eat from it your eyes will be opened, and ayou will be like God, knowing good and evil.”

6 aWhen the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was desirable to make one wise, she took from its fruit and ate; and she gave also to her husband with her, and he ate.

7 Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they aknew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves 1loin coverings.

8 They heard the sound of athe Lord God walking in the garden in the 1cool of the day, band the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God among the trees of the garden.

9 Then the Lord God called to the man, and said to him, “aWhere are you?”

10 He said, “aI heard the sound of You in the garden, and I was afraid because I was naked; so I hid myself.”

11 And He said, “Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree of which I commanded you not to eat?”

12 aThe man said, “The woman whom You gave to be with me, she gave me from the tree, and I ate.”

13 Then the Lord God said to the woman, “What is this you have done?” And the woman said, “aThe serpent deceived me, and I ate.”

14 The Lord God said to the serpent,

aBecause you have done this,

Cursed are you more than all cattle,

And more than every beast of the field;

On your belly you will go,

And bdust you will eat

All the days of your life;

15 And I will put aenmity

Between you and the woman,

And between your seed and her seed;

bHe shall 1bruise you on the head,

And you shall bruise him on the heel.”

16 To the woman He said,

“I will greatly multiply

Your pain 1in childbirth,

In pain you will abring forth children;

Yet your desire will be for your husband,

And bhe will rule over you.”

17 Then to Adam He said, “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife, and have eaten from the tree about which I commanded you, saying, ‘You shall not eat from it’;

aCursed is the ground because of you;

bIn 1toil you will eat of it

All the days of your life.

18 “Both thorns and thistles it shall grow for you;

And you will eat the 1plants of the field;

19 By the sweat of your face

You will eat bread,

Till you areturn to the ground,

Because bfrom it you were taken;

For you are dust,

And to dust you shall return.”

20 Now the man called his wife’s name 1aEve, because she was the mother of all the living.

21 The Lord God made garments of skin for Adam and his wife, and clothed them.

22 Then the Lord God said, “Behold, the man has become like one of aUs, knowing good and evil; and now, he might stretch out his hand, and take also from bthe tree of life, and eat, and live forever”—

23 therefore the Lord God sent him out from the garden of Eden, to cultivate the ground from which he was taken.

24 So aHe drove the man out; and at the beast of the garden of Eden He stationed the ccherubim and the flaming sword which turned every direction to guard the way to dthe tree of life.



Chapter 4

Cain and Abel

1 Now the man 1had relations with his wife Eve, and she conceived and gave birth to 2Cain, and she said, “I have gotten a 3manchild with the help of the Lord.”

2 Again, she gave birth to his brother Abel. And aAbel was ba keeper of flocks, but Cain was a tiller of the ground.

3 So it came about 1in the course of time that Cain brought an offering to the Lord of the fruit of the ground.

4 aAbel, on his part also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of their fat portions. And bthe Lord had regard for Abel and for his offering;

5 but afor Cain and for his offering He had no regard. So bCain became very angry and his countenance fell.

6 Then the Lord said to Cain, “aWhy are you angry? And why has your countenance fallen?

7 “aIf you do well, 1will not your countenance be lifted up? bAnd if you do not do well, sin is crouching at the door; and its desire is for you, cbut you must master it.”

8 Cain 1told Abel his brother. And it came about when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother and akilled him.

9 Then the Lord said to Cain, “aWhere is Abel your brother?” And he said, “I do not know. Am I my brother’s keeper?”

10 He said, “What have you done? aThe voice of your brother’s blood is crying to Me from the ground.

11 “Now ayou are cursed from the ground, which has opened its mouth to receive your brother’s blood from your hand.

12 “aWhen you cultivate the ground, it will no longer yield its strength to you; byou will be a vagrant and a wanderer on the earth.”

13 Cain said to the Lord, “My punishment is too great to bear!

14 “Behold, You have adriven me this day from the face of the ground; and from Your face I will be hidden, and bI will be a vagrant and a wanderer on the earth, and cwhoever finds me will kill me.”

15 So the Lord said to him, “Therefore whoever kills Cain, vengeance will be taken on him asevenfold.” And the Lord 1bappointed a sign for Cain, so that no one finding him would slay him.

16 Then Cain went out from the presence aof the Lord, and 1settled in the land of 2Nod, east of Eden.

17 Cain 1had relations with his wife and she conceived, and gave birth to Enoch; and he built a city, and called the name of the city Enoch, after the name of his son.

18 Now to Enoch was born Irad, and Irad 1became the father of Mehujael, and Mehujael 1became the father of Methushael, and Methushael 1became the father of Lamech.

19 Lamech took to himself atwo wives: the name of the one was Adah, and the name of the other, Zillah.

20 Adah gave birth to Jabal; he was the father of those who dwell in tents and have livestock.

21 His brother’s name was Jubal; he was the father of all those who play the lyre and pipe.

22 As for Zillah, she also gave birth to Tubal-cain, the forger of all implements of bronze and iron; and the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah.

23 Lamech said to his wives,

“Adah and Zillah,

Listen to my voice,

You wives of Lamech,

Give heed to my speech,

aFor I 1have killed a man for wounding me;

And a boy for striking me;

24 If Cain is avenged asevenfold,

Then Lamech seventy-sevenfold.”

25 aAdam 1had relations with his wife again; and she gave birth to a son, and named him 2Seth, for, she said, “God 3has appointed me another 4offspring in place of Abel, bfor Cain killed him.”

26 To Seth, to him also aa son was born; and he called his name Enosh. Then men began bto call 1upon the name of the Lord.



Chapter 5

Descendants of Adam

1 This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day when God created man, He made him ain the likeness of God.

2 He created them amale and female, and He bblessed them and named them 1Man in the day when they were created.

3 When Adam had lived one hundred and thirty years, he 1became the father of a son in his own likeness, according to his image, and named him Seth.

4 Then the days of Adam after he became the father of Seth were eight hundred years, and he had other sons and daughters.

5 So all the days that Adam lived were nine hundred and thirty years, and he died.

6 Seth lived one hundred and five years, and became the father of Enosh.

7 Then Seth lived eight hundred and seven years after he became the father of Enosh, and he had other sons and daughters.

8 So all the days of Seth were nine hundred and twelve years, and he died.

9 Enosh lived ninety years, and became the father of Kenan.

10 Then Enosh lived eight hundred and fifteen years after he became the father of Kenan, and he had other sons and daughters.

11 So all the days of Enosh were nine hundred and five years, and he died.

12 Kenan lived seventy years, and became the father of Mahalalel.

13 Then Kenan lived eight hundred and forty years after he became the father of Mahalalel, and he had other sons and daughters.

14 So all the days of Kenan were nine hundred and ten years, and he died.

15 Mahalalel lived sixty-five years, and became the father of Jared.

16 Then Mahalalel lived eight hundred and thirty years after he became the father of Jared, and he had other sons and daughters.

17 So all the days of Mahalalel were eight hundred and ninety-five years, and he died.

18 Jared lived one hundred and sixty-two years, and became the father of Enoch.

19 Then Jared lived eight hundred years after he became the father of Enoch, and he had other sons and daughters.

20 So all the days of Jared were nine hundred and sixty-two years, and he died.

21 Enoch lived sixty-five years, and became the father of Methuselah.

22 Then Enoch awalked with God three hundred years after he became the father of Methuselah, and he had other sons and daughters.

23 So all the days of Enoch were three hundred and sixty-five years.

24 aEnoch walked with God; and he was not, for God btook him.

25 Methuselah lived one hundred and eighty-seven years, and became the father of Lamech.

26 Then Methuselah lived seven hundred and eighty-two years after he became the father of Lamech, and he had other sons and daughters.

27 So all the days of Methuselah were nine hundred and sixty-nine years, and he died.

28 Lamech lived one hundred and eighty-two years, and became the father of a son.

29 Now he called his name Noah, saying, “This one will 1give us rest from our work and from the toil of our hands arising from athe ground which the Lord has cursed.”

30 Then Lamech lived five hundred and ninety-five years after he became the father of Noah, and he had other sons and daughters.

31 So all the days of Lamech were seven hundred and seventy-seven years, and he died.

32 Noah was afive hundred years old, and Noah became the father of Shem, Ham, and Japheth.



Chapter 6

The Corruption of Mankind

1 Now it came about, when men began to multiply on the face of the land, and daughters were born to them,

2 that the sons of God saw that the daughters of men were 1beautiful; and they took wives for themselves, whomever they chose.

3 Then the Lord said, “aMy Spirit shall not 1strive with man forever, 2bbecause he also is flesh; 3nevertheless his days shall be one hundred and twenty years.”

4 The aNephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of God came in to the daughters of men, and they bore children to them. Those were the mighty men who were of old, men of renown.

5 Then the Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth, and that aevery intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.

6 aThe Lord was sorry that He had made man on the earth, and He was bgrieved 1in His heart.

7 The Lord said, “aI will blot out man whom I have created from the face of the land, from man to animals to creeping things and to birds of the 1sky; for bI am sorry that I have made them.”

8 But aNoah bfound favor in the eyes of the Lord.

9 These are the records of the generations of Noah. Noah was a arighteous man, 1bblameless in his 2time; Noah cwalked with God.

10 Noah 1became the father of three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

11 Now the earth was acorrupt in the sight of God, and the earth was bfilled with violence.

12 God looked on the earth, and behold, it was corrupt; for aall flesh had corrupted their way upon the earth.

13 Then God said to Noah, “aThe end of all flesh has come before Me; for the earth is filled with violence because of them; and behold, I am about to destroy them with the earth.

14 “Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood; you shall make the ark with rooms, and shall 1cover it inside and out with pitch.

15 “This is how you shall make it: the length of the ark three hundred 1cubits, its breadth fifty 1cubits, and its height thirty 1cubits.

16 “You shall make a 1window for the ark, and finish it to a cubit from 2the top; and set the door of the ark in the side of it; you shall make it with lower, second, and third decks.

17 “Behold, aI, even I am bringing the flood of water upon the earth, to destroy all flesh in which is the breath of life, from under heaven; everything that is on the earth shall perish.

18 “But I will establish aMy covenant with you; and byou shall enter the ark—you and your sons and your wife, and your sons’ wives with you.

19 “aAnd of every living thing of all flesh, you shall bring two of every kind into the ark, to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female.

20 “aOf the birds after their kind, and of the animals after their kind, of every creeping thing of the ground after its kind, two of every kind will come to you to keep them alive.

21 “As for you, take for yourself some of all afood which is edible, and gather it to yourself; and it shall be for food for you and for them.”

22 aThus Noah did; according to all that God had commanded him, so he did.


 
Chapter 10

Descendants of Noah

1 Now these are the records of the generations of Shem, Ham, and Japheth, the sons of Noah; and sons were born to them after the flood.

2 aThe sons of Japheth were bGomer and Magog and cMadai and dJavan and Tubal and eMeshech and Tiras.

3 The sons of Gomer were aAshkenaz and 1Riphath and bTogarmah.

4 The sons of Javan were Elishah and aTarshish, Kittim and 1Dodanim.

5 From these the coastlands of the nations 1were separated into their lands, every one according to his language, according to their families, into their nations.

6 aThe sons of Ham were Cush and Mizraim and Put and Canaan.

7 The sons of Cush were aSeba and Havilah and Sabtah and bRaamah and Sabteca; and the sons of Raamah were bSheba and cDedan.

8 Now Cush 1became the father of Nimrod; he 2became a mighty one on the earth.

9 He was a mighty hunter before the Lord; therefore it is said, “Like Nimrod a mighty hunter before the Lord.”

10 The beginning of his kingdom was 1aBabel and Erech and Accad and Calneh, in the land of bShinar.

11 From that land he went forth ainto Assyria, and built Nineveh and Rehoboth-Ir and Calah,

12 and Resen between Nineveh and Calah; that is the great city.

13 Mizraim 1became the father of aLudim and Anamim and Lehabim and Naphtuhim

14 and aPathrusim and Casluhim (from which came the Philistines) and Caphtorim.

15 Canaan 1became the father of aSidon, his firstborn, and bHeth

16 and athe Jebusite and the Amorite and the Girga####e

17 and the Hivite and the Arkite and the Sinite

18 and the Arvadite and the Zemarite and the Hamathite; and afterward the families of the Canaanite were spread abroad.

19 aThe territory of the Canaanite 1extended from Sidon as you go toward Gerar, as far as Gaza; as you go toward bSodom and Gomorrah and Admah and Zeboiim, as far as Lasha.

20 These are the sons of Ham, according to their families, according to their languages, by their lands, by their nations.

21 Also to Shem, the father of all the children of Eber, and the 1older brother of Japheth, children were born.

22 aThe sons of Shem were bElam and Asshur and cArpachshad and dLud and Aram.

23 The sons of Aram were aUz and Hul and Gether and Mash.

24 Arpachshad 1became the father of aShelah; and Shelah 1became the father of Eber.

25 aTwo sons were born to Eber; the name of the one was 1Peleg, for in his days the earth was divided; and his brother’s name was Joktan.

26 Joktan 1became the father of Almodad and Sheleph and Hazarmaveth and Jerah

27 and Hadoram and Uzal and Diklah

28 and 1Obal and Abimael and Sheba

29 and Ophir and Havilah and Jobab; all these were the sons of Joktan.

30 Now their 1settlement 2extended from Mesha as you go toward Sephar, the hill country of the east.

31 These are the sons of Shem, according to their families, according to their languages, by their lands, according to their nations.

32 These are the families of the sons of Noah, according to their genealogies, by their nations; and aout of these the nations were separated on the earth after the flood.



Chapter 11

Universal Language, Babel, Confusion

1 Now the whole earth 1used the same language and 2the same words.

2 It came about as they journeyed east, that they found a plain in the land aof Shinar and 1settled there.

3 They said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” And they used brick for stone, and they used atar for mortar.

4 They said, “Come, let us build for ourselves a city, and a tower whose top awill reach into heaven, and let us make for ourselves ba name, otherwise we cwill be scattered abroad over the face of the whole earth.”

5 aThe Lord came down to see the city and the tower which the sons of men had built.

6 The Lord said, “Behold, they are one people, and they all have 1athe same language. And this is what they began to do, and now nothing which they purpose to do will be 2impossible for them.

7 “Come, alet Us go down and there bconfuse their 1language, so that they will not understand one another’s 1speech.”

8 So the Lord ascattered them abroad from there over the face of the whole earth; and they stopped building the city.

9 Therefore its name was called 1aBabel, because there the Lord confused the 2language of the whole earth; and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of the whole earth.

Descendants of Shem

10 aThese are the records of the generations of Shem. Shem was one hundred years old, and 1became the father of Arpachshad two years after the flood;

11 and Shem lived five hundred years after he became the father of Arpachshad, and he had other sons and daughters.

12 Arpachshad lived thirty-five years, and became the father of Shelah;

13 and Arpachshad lived four hundred and three years after he became the father of Shelah, and he had other sons and daughters.

14 Shelah lived thirty years, and became the father of Eber;

15 and Shelah lived four hundred and three years after he became the father of Eber, and he had other sons and daughters.

16 Eber lived thirty-four years, and became the father of Peleg;

17 and Eber lived four hundred and thirty years after he became the father of Peleg, and he had other sons and daughters.

18 Peleg lived thirty years, and became the father of Reu;

19 and Peleg lived two hundred and nine years after he became the father of Reu, and he had other sons and daughters.

20 Reu lived thirty-two years, and became the father of Serug;

21 and Reu lived two hundred and seven years after he became the father of Serug, and he had other sons and daughters.

22 Serug lived thirty years, and became the father of Nahor;

23 and Serug lived two hundred years after he became the father of Nahor, and he had other sons and daughters.

24 Nahor lived twenty-nine years, and became the father of aTerah;

25 and Nahor lived one hundred and nineteen years after he became the father of Terah, and he had other sons and daughters.

26 Terah lived seventy years, and became athe father of Abram, Nahor and Haran.

27 Now these are the records of the generations of Terah. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor and Haran; and aHaran became the father of bLot.

28 Haran died 1in the presence of his father Terah in the land of his birth, in aUr of the Chaldeans.

29 Abram and aNahor took wives for themselves. The name of Abram’s wife was bSarai; and the name of Nahor’s wife was cMilcah, the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah 1and Iscah.

30 aSarai was barren; she had no child.

31 Terah took Abram his son, and Lot the son of Haran, his grandson, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram’s wife; and they went out 1together from aUr of the Chaldeans in order to enter the land of Canaan; and they went as far as Haran, and 2settled there.

32 The days of Terah were two hundred and five years; and Terah died in Haran.



Chapter 12

Abram Journeys to Egypt

1 Now athe Lord said to Abram,

1Go forth from your country,

And from your relatives

And from your father’s house,

To the land which I will show you;

2 And aI will make you a great nation,

And bI will bless you,

And make your name great;

And so 1cyou shall be a blessing;

3 And aI will bless those who bless you,

And the one who 1curses you I will 2curse.

bAnd in you all the families of the earth will be blessed.”

4 So Abram went forth as the Lord had spoken to him; and aLot went with him. Now Abram was seventy-five years old when he departed from Haran.

5 Abram took Sarai his wife and Lot his nephew, and all their apossessions which they had accumulated, and bthe 1persons which they had acquired in Haran, and they 2set out for the land of Canaan; cthus they came to the land of Canaan.

6 Abram passed through the land as far as the site of aShechem, to the 1oak of Moreh. Now the Canaanite was then in the land.

7 The Lord aappeared to Abram and said, “bTo your 1descendants I will give this land.” So he built can altar there to the Lord who had appeared to him.

8 Then he proceeded from there to the mountain on the east of Bethel, and pitched his tent, with aBethel on the west and Ai on the east; and there he built an altar to the Lord and bcalled upon the name of the Lord.

9 Abram journeyed on, continuing toward athe 1Negev.

10 Now there was aa famine in the land; so Abram went down to Egypt to sojourn there, for the famine was bsevere in the land.

11 It came about when he 1came near to Egypt, that he said to Sarai his wife, “See now, I know that you are a 2abeautiful woman;

12 aand when the Egyptians see you, they will say, ‘This is his wife’; and they will kill me, but they will let you live.

13 “Please say that you are amy sister so that it may go well with me because of you, and that 1bI may live on account of you.”

14 It came about when Abram came into Egypt, the Egyptians 1saw that the woman was very beautiful.

15 Pharaoh’s officials saw her and praised her to Pharaoh; and athe woman was taken into Pharaoh’s house.

16 Therefore ahe treated Abram well for her sake; and 1bgave him sheep and oxen and donkeys and male and female servants and female donkeys and camels.

17 But the Lord astruck Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai, Abram’s wife.

18 Then Pharaoh called Abram and said, “aWhat is this you have done to me? Why did you not tell me that she was your wife?

19 “Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her for my wife? Now then, 1here is your wife, take her and go.”

20 Pharaoh commanded his men concerning him; and they 1escorted him away, with his wife and all that belonged to him.



Chapter 13

Abram and Lot

1 So Abram went up from Egypt to athe 1Negev, he and his wife and all that belonged to him, and Lot with him.

2 Now Abram was avery rich in livestock, in silver and in gold.

3 He went 1on his journeys from the 2Negev as far as Bethel, to the place where his tent had been at the beginning, abetween Bethel and Ai,

4 to the place of the aaltar which he had made there formerly; and there Abram called on the name of the Lord.

5 Now aLot, who went with Abram, also had flocks and herds and tents.

6 And athe land could not 1sustain them 2while dwelling together, bfor their possessions were so great that they were not able to remain together.

7 aAnd there was strife between the herdsmen of Abram’s livestock and the herdsmen of Lot’s livestock. Now bthe Canaanite and the Perizzite were dwelling then in the land.

8 aSo Abram said to Lot, “Please let there be no strife between you and me, nor between my herdsmen and your herdsmen, for we are brothers.

9 “Is not the whole land before you? Please separate from me; if to the left, then I will go to the right; or if to the right, then I will go to the left.”

10 Lot lifted up his eyes and saw all the 1avalley of the Jordan, that it was well watered everywhere—this was before the Lord bdestroyed Sodom and Gomorrah—like cthe garden of the Lord, dlike the land of Egypt as you go to eZoar.

11 So Lot chose for himself all the 1valley of the Jordan, and Lot journeyed eastward. Thus they separated from each other.

12 Abram 1settled in the land of Canaan, while Lot 1settled in athe cities of the 2valley, and moved his tents as far as Sodom.

13 Now athe men of Sodom were wicked 1exceedingly and bsinners against the Lord.

14 The Lord said to Abram, after Lot had separated from him, “aNow lift up your eyes and look from the place where you are, bnorthward and southward and eastward and westward;

15 afor all the land which you see, bI will give it to you and to your 1descendants forever.

16 “I will make your 1descendants aas the dust of the earth, so that if anyone can number the dust of the earth, then your 1descendants can also be numbered.

17 “Arise, awalk about the land through its length and breadth; for bI will give it to you.”

18 Then Abram moved his tent and came and dwelt by the 1aoaks of Mamre, which are in Hebron, and there he built ban altar to the Lord.



Chapter 14

War of the Kings

1 And it came about in the days of Amraphel king of aShinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of bElam, and Tidal king of 1Goiim,

2 that they made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of aAdmah, and Shemeber king of bZeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, cZoar).

3 All these 1came as allies to athe valley of Siddim (that is, bthe Salt Sea).

4 Twelve years they had served Chedorlaomer, but the thirteenth year they rebelled.

5 In the fourteenth year Chedorlaomer and the kings that were with him, came and 1defeated the aRephaim in bAshteroth-karnaim and the Zuzim in Ham and the Emim in 2cShaveh-kiriathaim,

6 and the aHorites in their Mount Seir, as far as bEl-paran, which is by the wilderness.

7 Then they turned back and came to En-mishpat (that is, aKadesh), and 1conquered all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, who lived in bHazazon-tamar.

8 And the king of Sodom and the king of Gomorrah and the king of Admah and the king of Zeboiim and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar) came out; and they arrayed for battle against them in athe valley of Siddim,

9 against Chedorlaomer king of Elam and Tidal king of 1Goiim and Amraphel king of Shinar and Arioch king of Ellasar—four kings against five.

10 Now the valley of Siddim was full of tar pits; and athe kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and they fell 1into them. But those who survived fled to the bhill country.

11 Then they took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah and all their food supply, and departed.

12 They also took Lot, aAbram’s nephew, and his possessions and departed, bfor he was living in Sodom.

13 Then 1a fugitive came and told Abram the aHebrew. Now he was 2living by the 3boaks of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eshcol and brother of Aner, and these were 4callies with Abram.

14 When Abram heard that ahis 1relative had been taken captive, he 2led out his trained men, bborn in his house, three hundred and eighteen, and went in pursuit as far as cDan.

15 aHe divided 1his forces against them by night, he and his servants, and 2defeated them, and pursued them as far as Hobah, which is 3north of bDamascus.

16 He abrought back all the goods, and also brought back bhis 1relative Lot with his possessions, and also the women, and the people.

God’s Promise to Abram

17 Then after his return from the 1defeat of Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, athe king of Sodom went out to meet him at the valley of Shaveh (that is, bthe King’s Valley).

18 And aMelchizedek king of Salem brought out bbread and wine; now he was a cpriest of 1God Most High.

19 He blessed him and said,

“Blessed be Abram of 1God Most High,

2aPossessor of heaven and earth;

20 And blessed be 1God Most High,

Who has delivered your enemies into your hand.”

aHe gave him a tenth of all.

21 The king of Sodom said to Abram, “Give the 1people to me and take the goods for yourself.”

22 Abram said to the king of Sodom, “I have 1sworn to the Lord 2aGod Most High, 3bpossessor of heaven and earth,

23 that aI will not take a thread or a sandal thong or anything that is yours, for fear you would say, ‘I have made Abram rich.’

24 “1I will take nothing except what the young men have eaten, and the share of the men who went with me, aAner, Eshcol, and Mamre; let them take their share.”

 
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