Superdelegates came about in 1982 because party leaders wanted to exercise more control over the nomination process. Having superdelegates would ensure that members of the Democratic Party had some weight in case the Democratic voters picked a dud, as they did in 1972 when anti-Vietnam War liberal Sen. George McGovern won the nomination and not much else. They would also prevent another Jimmy Carter, whom party leaders viewed as an ineffective president because Carter wasn't friendly with the major figures in the party, according to Mayer. They hoped to force candidates like Carter to get to know the party during the nomination fight and therefore build up loyalty before taking office.
"They were a bit controversial when they were put into effect," says Mayer. "In a party that is obsessed with an appearance of democracy, they give more power to party leaders...the Democrats are not an obvious party to endorse those kinds of ideas."
While the percentage of superdelegates increased throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, there were some efforts to get rid of them, according to Mayer. They remained mostly because they didn't have much of an effect on the outcome of the races.
But in 1984, superdelegates had an impact. Walter Mondale (with a narrow lead in votes and pledged delegates) put out a call to superdelegates when he was 40 votes shy of clinching the Democratic nomination. He got the votes and the nomination.