This el nino will end the drought in cali. GB global warming.
The episode’s
parallel story line explores the cause of events like Hurricane Sandy.
“Years” correspondent Dr. M. Sanjayan, Executive Vice President and senior scientist at Conservation International, travels to Christmas Island, located in the southern Pacific, near the equator. This area is the source of El Niño, a naturally occurring rise in water temperature of up to 14 degrees that lasts about 6 months, and reorganizes the atmospheric circulation of the entire globe. Atmospheric changes brought on by El Niño can result in all manner of natural disasters — from droughts to floods.
Sanjayan asks scientist Kim Cobb whether El Niños are getting worse because of human impact on our climate. And just as the aerial image of Hurricane Sandy is breathtaking in an ominous way, the source of Cobb’s answer is breathtaking in a miraculous one. Coral, like trees, is an environmental archivist that can store data for
thousands of years.
Coral, explains Cobb, stops growing when it gets too hot. In a core specimen taken from the ocean floor, we see a gash, or disruption of growth, that dates back to 1997-1998, the year of the worst El Niño event on record: more than 20,000 people were killed worldwide in a rash of floods, mud slides, droughts, and fires.
Cobb discovers the answer to Sanjayan’s question inside samples of fossilized coral that contain thousands of years of data. Her findings are striking.
“There’s something different about these 30 to 40 years in the recent past: larger events, more frequent events….The inference in uncovering an unprecedented behavior in climate in the last 30, 40 years as opposed to the natural variations of the last 6000 — the strong inference is that that is causally linked and that it’s related to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.”
Cobb is talking about rising carbon dioxide caused by human activity. In fact, as a group of Staten Island teens learn when climate scientists from Columbia University visit their school after Hurricane Sandy, one out of every four carbon dioxide molecules in the atmosphere is caused by human activity. And the extra foot of sea level caused by climate change played a huge role in making Sandy worse.