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Official Great Works Draft (2 Viewers)

30.09 - The Interstate Highway System, Building/Structure

Authorization of the Interstate Highway System: On June 29, 1956, President Eisenhower signed the

Federal Aid-Highway Act of 1956
, which authorized the interstate highway system (later formally named the Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways). The

Act
authorized 41,000 miles of high quality highways that were to tie the nation together. Later, congressional action increased the length to 42,500 miles and required super-highway standards for all interstate highways.

The system was to be completed by 1975. It was conceived as a "pay as you go" system that would rely primarily on federally imposed user fees on motor fuels --- the federal user fee per gallon of gasoline was increased by one cent. The federal user fees would provide 90 percent of the cost of construction with the balance provided primarily by state user fees. The interstate highway system would incorporate approximately 2,000 miles of already completed toll roads.

High standards were adopted for the interstate highway system. Access to all interstates was to be fully controlled. There would be no intersections or traffic signals. All traffic and railroad crossings would be grade separated, requiring the construction of more than 55,000 bridges. Interstates were to be divided and have at least four wide traffic lanes (two in each direction) and adequate shoulders. Curves were to be engineered for safe negotiation at high speed, while grades were to be moderated, eliminating blind hills. Rest areas were to be conveniently spaced. Each interstate was to be designed to handle traffic loads expected 20 years after completion.

The states were soon underway with construction. As time passed, it became clear that the goal of system completion by 1975 would not be achieved. But by 1960, more than 10,000 miles were opened. By 1965, 20,000 miles were opened, and by 1970, 30,000 miles were open to traffic. And by 1980, 40,000 miles were complete. While some segments remain to be completed, more than 42,700 miles of interstate highways are now opened to traffic. The interstate highway system serves virtually all of the nation's large urban areas and serves 49 states (all but Alaska). Despite this broad expanse, the interstate highway system represents just over one percent of the nation's road network.

 
31.07 Take II (607th pick) - Saint Basil's Cathedral

ETA: Building/Structure

Red Square - Moscow

Yeah, that one
I thought Norwood already took this.
:goodposting: I don't know how I missed your pick from like 10 rounds ago. I was all geeked - wow is that awesome value for the 31st.

:lol:
I sent my partner a list of about 20 different picks I was considering (including St. Basils) and she (very nicely) pointed out that about 1/2 of the picks I listed were already drafted.
 
31.06 Thelonious Monk's Brilliant Corners (Album)

Brilliant Corners

I knew I wanted to give some love to three jazz albums in this category, but narrowing it down was tough. In the end, I had to choose between my two favorite Monk albums - an unpicked one with Charlie Rouse on the sax (as Monk & Rouse had some of the loveliest exchanges in all of jazz) and this all-star collective including Sonny f'n Rollins and my favorite drummer of all time, Max Roach. Like so much of Monk's music, it works according to its own internal logic, with ingenious compositions, playing and soloing. Nothing quite like it, and I couldn't be happier with Brilliant Corners, Giant Steps and Kind of Blue as my three albums. There's still some room among the wildcards for later.

Although Brilliant Corners is Thelonious Monk's third disc for Riverside, it's the first on the label to weigh in with such heavy original material. Enthusiasts who become jaded to the idiosyncratic nature of Monk's playing or his practically arithmetical chord progressions should occasionally revisit Brilliant Corners. There is an inescapable freshness and vitality saturated into every measure of every song. The passage of time makes it all the more difficult to imagine any other musicians bearing the capacity to support Monk with such ironic precision. The assembled quartet for the lion's share of the sessions included Max Roach (percussion), Sonny Rollins (tenor sax), Oscar Pettiford (bass), and Ernie Henry (alto sax). Although a compromise, the selection of Miles Davis' bassist, Paul Chambers, and Clark Terry (trumpet) on "Bemsha Swing" reveals what might be considered an accident of ecstasy, as they provide a timeless balance between support and being able to further the cause musically. Likewise, Roach's timpani interjections supply an off-balanced sonic surrealism while progressing the rhythm in and out of the holes provided by Monk's jackrabbit leads. It's easy to write Monk's ferocity and Forrest Gump-esque ingenuity off as gimmick or quirkiness. What cannot be dismissed is Monk's ability to translate emotions into the language of music, as in the freedom and abandon he allows through Sonny Rollins' and Max Roach's mesmerizing solos in "Brilliant Corners." The childlike innocence evoked by Monk's incorporation of the celeste during the achingly beautiful ode "Pannonica" raises the emotional bar several degrees. Perhaps more pointed, however, is the impassioned "I Surrender, Dear" -- the only solo performance on the album. Brilliant Corners may well be considered the alpha and omega of post-World War II American jazz. No serious jazz collection should be without it.
 
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Something I have wanted to take since the outset of this endeavo, Something I enjoy, as have billions of people throught out history.

The earliest remnants of my pick were discovered in Iran around 5000 BC.

This has been the Lifeblood of history, flowing down through time, and is an essential part of several religious ceremonies.



31.08 - WINE - Scientific Discovery - Refined by Noah, The Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans in olden times, and by all cultures now.

The Old Testament refers to Noah as having planted a vineyard, making him the earliest vintner recorded by the written word.

The Egyptians developed trellises to grow it, and The Romans were the first to study the affects of soil and climate on various grapes.

Homer described wine in The Illiad and The Oddysey, Hippocrates prescribed, and now I drink it. :(

I call this a Scientific Discovery, because unlike Bread and Beer, wine was discovered, not invented.

Although the wine that the Egyptians drank was a distant relative to the wine we know today. The Egyptians used white, pink, green, red, and dark blue grapes they also used figs, palm, dates and pomegranates. So as you can imagine the taste would have been completely different to what we would expect when being served wine. Making wine from various fruits is essentially the same as that of grapes except that sugar is added to help the fermentation.
The Egyptians used trellises which were protected from sunlight (because the light is too intense in Egypt grapes) and also knew that the last 100 days before the harvest were the most vital. Once the grapes were picked they were taken to a large pressing vat. The Egyptians pressed grapes by treading on them rather than using a stone press which crushes the seeds and the stems and adds a bitter taste to the resulting wine. There was then a second pressing of the wine in an oblong linen slough, this slough was stretched across a solid wooden frame as four men on one side stretched the linen meanwhile as a fifth made sure that non of the precious wine was spilt.
A discovery that has stood the test of time, and an area where art has melded with science to create a thing of beauty, a true world treasure.Bacchus be praised - I will have a bottle opened now, and toast my good fortune, my good pick, and Bacchus himself!

Salut!!!!

 
Blatant pandering to the judge. :(
I plead the fif.PS. 50/50 chance it's not even one of his favorite Monk albums.
I can't remember which he likes best. Still, I think you'll do okay. :P I think you meant to say "Kind of Blue, Giant Steps and Brilliant Corners" in your post, right? I didn't realize you had Giant Steps too. What songs do you have so far?
 
Blatant pandering to the judge. :(
I plead the fif.PS. 50/50 chance it's not even one of his favorite Monk albums.
I can't remember which he likes best. Still, I think you'll do okay. :P I think you meant to say "Kind of Blue, Giant Steps and Brilliant Corners" in your post, right? I didn't realize you had Giant Steps too. What songs do you have so far?
"God Only Knows" and "House of The Rising Sun". Decided to stick with jazz albums and non-jazz songs, since I wanted to avoid standards with hundreds of versions out there.
 
I have been immediately challenged about my selection of soap, as contrasted to the complaint about beer. Under the wiki article regarding soap:

The earliest recorded evidence of the production of soap-like materials dates back to around 2800 BC in Ancient Babylon

To me, this is specific enough to fit within the guidelines that "the discovery must be known". If we had an equal description regarding beer, that would be acceptable too. Is there any disagreement on this? I don't want to appear to be manipulating the rules in my own favor.
I should so be allowed farming. :unsure: specific crops, specific location, and as good of a time period as "around 2800bc". the transition to knowingly planting a seed, cultivating it, and harvesting it, in one location enabled our species to move from being nomads to enabling civilization.i'm done being bitter about it though.

 
31.07 Take II (607th pick) - Saint Basil's Cathedral

ETA: Building/Structure

Red Square - Moscow

Yeah, that one

The Cathedral of Intercession of the Virgin on the Moat (Russian: Собор Покрова что на Рву - The Cathedral of the Protection of the Mother of God, or simply Pokrovskiy Cathedral - Russian: Покровский Собор; better known as the Cathedral of Saint Basil the Blessed , Saint Basil's Cathedral - Russian: Храм Василия Блаженного) is a multi-tented church on the Red Square in Moscow that also features distinctive onion domes. It is very often mistaken for the Kremlin which overlooks it. Arguably the most recognized building in Russia, it is an international symbol for the nation and for the city of Moscow.

The cathedral was commissioned by Ivan IV (also known as Ivan the Terrible) in Moscow to commemorate the capture of the Khanate of Kazan, and built from 1555 to 1561. In 1588 Tsar Fedor Ivanovich had a chapel added on the eastern side above the grave of Basil Fool for Christ (yurodivy Vassily Blazhenny), a Russian Orthodox saint after whom the cathedral was popularly named.

Saint Basil's is located at the southeast end of Red Square, just across from the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin. Not particularly large, it consists of nine chapels built on a single foundation. The cathedral's design follows that of contemporary tented churches, notably those of Ascension in Kolomenskoye (1530) and of St John the Baptist's Decapitation in Dyakovo (1547).

The interior of the cathedral is a collection of separate chapels, each filled with icons, medieval painted walls, and varying artwork on the top inside of the domes. The feeling is intimate and varied, in contrast to Western cathedrals which usually consist of a massive nave with one artistic style.

In a garden at the front of the cathedral stands a bronze statue commemorating Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin, who rallied Russia's volunteer army against the Polish invaders during the Time of Troubles in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.

The initial concept was to build a cluster of chapels, one dedicated to each of the saints on whose feast day the tsar had won a battle, but the construction of a single central tower unifies these spaces into a single cathedral. A popular historical legend says that Ivan had the architect, Postnik Yakovlev, blinded to prevent him from building a more magnificent building for anyone else. In fact, Postnik Yakovlev built a number of churches after Saint Basil's, including one in Kazan'.
good pick... almost choose this instead of my aquaduct last round.
 
Blatant pandering to the judge. :unsure:
I plead the fif.PS. 50/50 chance it's not even one of his favorite Monk albums.
I can't remember which he likes best. Still, I think you'll do okay. :( I think you meant to say "Kind of Blue, Giant Steps and Brilliant Corners" in your post, right? I didn't realize you had Giant Steps too. What songs do you have so far?
"God Only Knows" and "House of The Rising Sun". Decided to stick with jazz albums and non-jazz songs, since I wanted to avoid standards with hundreds of versions out there.
That's right. Awesome. I'm going to try to finish out the music stuff before Gene gets back. :)
 
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23.05 - Doug B (requested skip)

24.16 - Doug B (autoskip)

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26.16 - Doug B (autoskip)

27.05 - Doug B - (autoskip)

28.11 - Thatguy (autoskip)

28.16 - Doug B (autoskip)

29.05 - Doug B (autoskip)

30.11. thatguy (autoskip until further notice)

30.16 - Doug B (autoskip)

31.05 - Doug B (autoskip)

31.09 - Big Rocks - Up

31.10 - Thatguy (autoskip)

31.11 - El Floppo (autoskip if not here in first 15)

31.12 - Team CIA (autoskip)

31.13 - Uncle Humuna

31.14 - MisfitBlondes

31.15 - Bob Lee Swagger

31.16 - Scott Norwood

31.17 - DC Thunder

31.18 - Genedoc

31.19 - Tirnan (autoskip if not around)

31.20 - Yankee23Fan

 
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31.06 Thelonious Monk's Brilliant Corners (Album)

Brilliant Corners

I knew I wanted to give some love to three jazz albums in this category, but narrowing it down was tough. In the end, I had to choose between my two favorite Monk albums - an unpicked one with Charlie Rouse on the sax (as Monk & Rouse had some of the loveliest exchanges in all of jazz) and this all-star collective including Sonny f'n Rollins and my favorite drummer of all time, Max Roach. Like so much of Monk's music, it works according to its own internal logic, with ingenious compositions, playing and soloing. Nothing quite like it, and I couldn't be happier with Brilliant Corners, Giant Steps and Kind of Blue as my three albums. There's still some room among the wildcards for later.

Although Brilliant Corners is Thelonious Monk's third disc for Riverside, it's the first on the label to weigh in with such heavy original material. Enthusiasts who become jaded to the idiosyncratic nature of Monk's playing or his practically arithmetical chord progressions should occasionally revisit Brilliant Corners. There is an inescapable freshness and vitality saturated into every measure of every song. The passage of time makes it all the more difficult to imagine any other musicians bearing the capacity to support Monk with such ironic precision. The assembled quartet for the lion's share of the sessions included Max Roach (percussion), Sonny Rollins (tenor sax), Oscar Pettiford (bass), and Ernie Henry (alto sax). Although a compromise, the selection of Miles Davis' bassist, Paul Chambers, and Clark Terry (trumpet) on "Bemsha Swing" reveals what might be considered an accident of ecstasy, as they provide a timeless balance between support and being able to further the cause musically. Likewise, Roach's timpani interjections supply an off-balanced sonic surrealism while progressing the rhythm in and out of the holes provided by Monk's jackrabbit leads. It's easy to write Monk's ferocity and Forrest Gump-esque ingenuity off as gimmick or quirkiness. What cannot be dismissed is Monk's ability to translate emotions into the language of music, as in the freedom and abandon he allows through Sonny Rollins' and Max Roach's mesmerizing solos in "Brilliant Corners." The childlike innocence evoked by Monk's incorporation of the celeste during the achingly beautiful ode "Pannonica" raises the emotional bar several degrees. Perhaps more pointed, however, is the impassioned "I Surrender, Dear" -- the only solo performance on the album. Brilliant Corners may well be considered the alpha and omega of post-World War II American jazz. No serious jazz collection should be without it.
I bit my tongue after Giant Steps, but I'm really beginning to not like you very much.
 
How was civilization built? It was built because of my pick:

31.09 Concrete, invention

Wiki link:

Concrete is a construction material composed of cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate (generally a coarse aggregate such as gravel, limestone, or granite, plus a fine aggregate such as sand), water, and chemical admixtures. The word concrete comes from the Latin word "concretus" (meaning compact or condensed), the past participle of "concresco", from "com-" (together) and "cresco" (to grow).

Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water and placement due to a chemical process known as hydration. The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a stone-like material. Concrete is used to make pavements, architectural structures, foundations, motorways/roads, bridges/overpasses, parking structures, brick/block walls and footings for gates, fences and poles.

Concrete is used more than any other man-made material in the world.[1] As of 2006, about 7.5 cubic kilometres of concrete are made each year—more than one cubic metre for every person on Earth.[2] Concrete powers a US $35-billion industry which employs more than two million workers in the United States alone.[citation needed] More than 55,000 miles (89,000 km) of highways in the United States are paved with this material. The People's Republic of China currently consumes 40% of the world's cement/concrete production
During the Roman Empire, Roman concrete was made from quicklime, pozzolanic ash/pozzolana, and an aggregate of pumice; it was very similar to modern Portland cement concrete. The widespread use of concrete in many Roman structures has ensured that many survive almost intact to the present day. The Baths of Caracalla in Rome are just one example of the longevity of concrete, which allowed the Romans to build this and similar structures across the Roman Empire. Many Roman aqueducts have masonry cladding to a concrete core, a technique they used in structures such as the Pantheon, the dome of which is concrete.
The secret of concrete was lost for 13 centuries until 1756, when the British engineer John Smeaton pioneered the use of hydraulic lime in concrete, using pebbles and powdered brick as aggregate. Portland cement was first used in concrete in the early 1840s. This version of history has been challenged however, as the Canal du Midi was constructed using concrete in 1670.
 
31.06 Thelonious Monk's Brilliant Corners (Album)

Brilliant Corners

I knew I wanted to give some love to three jazz albums in this category, but narrowing it down was tough. In the end, I had to choose between my two favorite Monk albums - an unpicked one with Charlie Rouse on the sax (as Monk & Rouse had some of the loveliest exchanges in all of jazz) and this all-star collective including Sonny f'n Rollins and my favorite drummer of all time, Max Roach. Like so much of Monk's music, it works according to its own internal logic, with ingenious compositions, playing and soloing. Nothing quite like it, and I couldn't be happier with Brilliant Corners, Giant Steps and Kind of Blue as my three albums. There's still some room among the wildcards for later.

Although Brilliant Corners is Thelonious Monk's third disc for Riverside, it's the first on the label to weigh in with such heavy original material. Enthusiasts who become jaded to the idiosyncratic nature of Monk's playing or his practically arithmetical chord progressions should occasionally revisit Brilliant Corners. There is an inescapable freshness and vitality saturated into every measure of every song. The passage of time makes it all the more difficult to imagine any other musicians bearing the capacity to support Monk with such ironic precision. The assembled quartet for the lion's share of the sessions included Max Roach (percussion), Sonny Rollins (tenor sax), Oscar Pettiford (bass), and Ernie Henry (alto sax). Although a compromise, the selection of Miles Davis' bassist, Paul Chambers, and Clark Terry (trumpet) on "Bemsha Swing" reveals what might be considered an accident of ecstasy, as they provide a timeless balance between support and being able to further the cause musically. Likewise, Roach's timpani interjections supply an off-balanced sonic surrealism while progressing the rhythm in and out of the holes provided by Monk's jackrabbit leads. It's easy to write Monk's ferocity and Forrest Gump-esque ingenuity off as gimmick or quirkiness. What cannot be dismissed is Monk's ability to translate emotions into the language of music, as in the freedom and abandon he allows through Sonny Rollins' and Max Roach's mesmerizing solos in "Brilliant Corners." The childlike innocence evoked by Monk's incorporation of the celeste during the achingly beautiful ode "Pannonica" raises the emotional bar several degrees. Perhaps more pointed, however, is the impassioned "I Surrender, Dear" -- the only solo performance on the album. Brilliant Corners may well be considered the alpha and omega of post-World War II American jazz. No serious jazz collection should be without it.
I bit my tongue after Giant Steps, but I'm really beginning to not like you very much.
:unsure: That ain't groovy, man. Why you bringing me down?

 
31.06 Thelonious Monk's Brilliant Corners (Album)

Brilliant Corners

I knew I wanted to give some love to three jazz albums in this category, but narrowing it down was tough. In the end, I had to choose between my two favorite Monk albums - an unpicked one with Charlie Rouse on the sax (as Monk & Rouse had some of the loveliest exchanges in all of jazz) and this all-star collective including Sonny f'n Rollins and my favorite drummer of all time, Max Roach. Like so much of Monk's music, it works according to its own internal logic, with ingenious compositions, playing and soloing. Nothing quite like it, and I couldn't be happier with Brilliant Corners, Giant Steps and Kind of Blue as my three albums. There's still some room among the wildcards for later.

Although Brilliant Corners is Thelonious Monk's third disc for Riverside, it's the first on the label to weigh in with such heavy original material. Enthusiasts who become jaded to the idiosyncratic nature of Monk's playing or his practically arithmetical chord progressions should occasionally revisit Brilliant Corners. There is an inescapable freshness and vitality saturated into every measure of every song. The passage of time makes it all the more difficult to imagine any other musicians bearing the capacity to support Monk with such ironic precision. The assembled quartet for the lion's share of the sessions included Max Roach (percussion), Sonny Rollins (tenor sax), Oscar Pettiford (bass), and Ernie Henry (alto sax). Although a compromise, the selection of Miles Davis' bassist, Paul Chambers, and Clark Terry (trumpet) on "Bemsha Swing" reveals what might be considered an accident of ecstasy, as they provide a timeless balance between support and being able to further the cause musically. Likewise, Roach's timpani interjections supply an off-balanced sonic surrealism while progressing the rhythm in and out of the holes provided by Monk's jackrabbit leads. It's easy to write Monk's ferocity and Forrest Gump-esque ingenuity off as gimmick or quirkiness. What cannot be dismissed is Monk's ability to translate emotions into the language of music, as in the freedom and abandon he allows through Sonny Rollins' and Max Roach's mesmerizing solos in "Brilliant Corners." The childlike innocence evoked by Monk's incorporation of the celeste during the achingly beautiful ode "Pannonica" raises the emotional bar several degrees. Perhaps more pointed, however, is the impassioned "I Surrender, Dear" -- the only solo performance on the album. Brilliant Corners may well be considered the alpha and omega of post-World War II American jazz. No serious jazz collection should be without it.
I bit my tongue after Giant Steps, but I'm really beginning to not like you very much.
:unsure: That ain't groovy, man. Why you bringing me down?
We're cool bro.Just giving you ####.

Obviously great picks.

I have album envy of you.

 
31.06 Thelonious Monk's Brilliant Corners (Album)

Brilliant Corners

I knew I wanted to give some love to three jazz albums in this category, but narrowing it down was tough. In the end, I had to choose between my two favorite Monk albums - an unpicked one with Charlie Rouse on the sax (as Monk & Rouse had some of the loveliest exchanges in all of jazz) and this all-star collective including Sonny f'n Rollins and my favorite drummer of all time, Max Roach. Like so much of Monk's music, it works according to its own internal logic, with ingenious compositions, playing and soloing. Nothing quite like it, and I couldn't be happier with Brilliant Corners, Giant Steps and Kind of Blue as my three albums. There's still some room among the wildcards for later.

Although Brilliant Corners is Thelonious Monk's third disc for Riverside, it's the first on the label to weigh in with such heavy original material. Enthusiasts who become jaded to the idiosyncratic nature of Monk's playing or his practically arithmetical chord progressions should occasionally revisit Brilliant Corners. There is an inescapable freshness and vitality saturated into every measure of every song. The passage of time makes it all the more difficult to imagine any other musicians bearing the capacity to support Monk with such ironic precision. The assembled quartet for the lion's share of the sessions included Max Roach (percussion), Sonny Rollins (tenor sax), Oscar Pettiford (bass), and Ernie Henry (alto sax). Although a compromise, the selection of Miles Davis' bassist, Paul Chambers, and Clark Terry (trumpet) on "Bemsha Swing" reveals what might be considered an accident of ecstasy, as they provide a timeless balance between support and being able to further the cause musically. Likewise, Roach's timpani interjections supply an off-balanced sonic surrealism while progressing the rhythm in and out of the holes provided by Monk's jackrabbit leads. It's easy to write Monk's ferocity and Forrest Gump-esque ingenuity off as gimmick or quirkiness. What cannot be dismissed is Monk's ability to translate emotions into the language of music, as in the freedom and abandon he allows through Sonny Rollins' and Max Roach's mesmerizing solos in "Brilliant Corners." The childlike innocence evoked by Monk's incorporation of the celeste during the achingly beautiful ode "Pannonica" raises the emotional bar several degrees. Perhaps more pointed, however, is the impassioned "I Surrender, Dear" -- the only solo performance on the album. Brilliant Corners may well be considered the alpha and omega of post-World War II American jazz. No serious jazz collection should be without it.
I bit my tongue after Giant Steps, but I'm really beginning to not like you very much.
:scared: That ain't groovy, man. Why you bringing me down?
We're cool bro.Just giving you ####.

Obviously great picks.

I have album envy of you.
:unsure: I figured. I'm just not very good at the whole "oh, it's a deep category, I can wait to fill it up" thing.
 
13 User(s) are reading this topic (0 Guests and 5 Anonymous Users)

8 Members: El Floppo, BobbyLayne, Abrantes, rodg12, timschochet, Chiwawa, Yankee23Fan, Bob Lee Swagger

:hey:

You're up, GB.

 
How was civilization built? It was built because of my pick:

31.09 Concrete, invention

Wiki link:

Concrete is a construction material composed of cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate (generally a coarse aggregate such as gravel, limestone, or granite, plus a fine aggregate such as sand), water, and chemical admixtures. The word concrete comes from the Latin word "concretus" (meaning compact or condensed), the past participle of "concresco", from "com-" (together) and "cresco" (to grow).

Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water and placement due to a chemical process known as hydration. The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a stone-like material. Concrete is used to make pavements, architectural structures, foundations, motorways/roads, bridges/overpasses, parking structures, brick/block walls and footings for gates, fences and poles.

Concrete is used more than any other man-made material in the world.[1] As of 2006, about 7.5 cubic kilometres of concrete are made each year—more than one cubic metre for every person on Earth.[2] Concrete powers a US $35-billion industry which employs more than two million workers in the United States alone.[citation needed] More than 55,000 miles (89,000 km) of highways in the United States are paved with this material. The People's Republic of China currently consumes 40% of the world's cement/concrete production
During the Roman Empire, Roman concrete was made from quicklime, pozzolanic ash/pozzolana, and an aggregate of pumice; it was very similar to modern Portland cement concrete. The widespread use of concrete in many Roman structures has ensured that many survive almost intact to the present day. The Baths of Caracalla in Rome are just one example of the longevity of concrete, which allowed the Romans to build this and similar structures across the Roman Empire. Many Roman aqueducts have masonry cladding to a concrete core, a technique they used in structures such as the Pantheon, the dome of which is concrete.
The secret of concrete was lost for 13 centuries until 1756, when the British engineer John Smeaton pioneered the use of hydraulic lime in concrete, using pebbles and powdered brick as aggregate. Portland cement was first used in concrete in the early 1840s. This version of history has been challenged however, as the Canal du Midi was constructed using concrete in 1670.
:hey: #### this new guy.

 
31.11 Play, The Tempest- William Shakespeare

"We are such stuff as dreams are made on, rounded with a little sleep"

" 'I shall no more to sea to sea, here shall I die alone'... Tis a scurvy tune to sing at a man's funeral, but here's my comfort" (I just remembered that from my awe-inducing portrayal of Stefano when I was in the 7th grade.)

Watched my actor brother do this one a couple of times and got to read it a couple of times too- even played the drunk dude as a 7th grader. Not my favorite Shakespeare, but in the 31st round I'll gladly take what is still a great combo of humor, romance and drama and one of the more fun plays of his to watch. I'm trying to think of other Billy Shakes plays that combined it all the way this one did?

The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare, probably written in 1610–11,[1] although some researchers have argued for an earlier dating.[2] The play's protagonist is the banished sorcerer Prospero, rightful Duke of Milan, who uses his magical powers to punish and forgive his enemies when he raises a tempest that drives them ashore. The entire play takes place on an island under his control whose native inhabitants, Ariel and Caliban, respectively aid or hinder his work. While listed as a comedy when it was initially published in the First Folio of 1623, many modern editors have since re-labeled the play as one of Shakespeare's late romances.

No obvious single source has been found from which Shakespeare may have derived his plot. However, the play does seem to draw on several then-contemporary accounts of shipwrecks in the New World, as well as the works of Montaigne and Ovid's Metamorphoses. The play's basic structure reflects that of the then-popular Italian commedia dell'arte. It is one of two Shakespearean plays which follow the neoclassical three unities (the other is The Comedy of Errors). Around the 1950s and 60s, The Tempest attracted a lot of attention from post-colonial critics for its portrayal of Ariel's and Caliban's reactions to foreign control of their island.

It did not attract a significant amount of attention before the closing of the theatres in 1642, and after the Restoration it attained popularity only in adapted versions.[3] Theatre productions began to reinstate the original Shakespearean text in the mid-19th century,[4] and, in the 20th century, critics and scholars undertook a significant re-appraisal of the play's value, to the extent that it is now considered to be one of Shakespeare's greatest works.

Synopsis

Prospero and Miranda from a painting by William Maw Egley; Circa 1850The magician Prospero, rightful Duke of Milan, and his daughter, Miranda, have been stranded for twelve years on an island after Prospero's jealous brother Antonio — helped by Alonso, the King of Naples — deposed him and set him adrift with the then three-year-old Miranda. Gonzalo, the King's counsellor, had secretly supplied their boat with plenty of food, water, clothes and the most-prized books from Prospero's library. Possessed of magic powers due to his great learning, Prospero is reluctantly served by a spirit, Ariel, whom Prospero had rescued from a tree in which he had been trapped by the Algerian witch Sycorax. Prospero maintains Ariel's loyalty by repeatedly promising to release the "airy spirit" from servitude. Sycorax had been banished to this island, and had died before Prospero's arrival. Her son, Caliban, a deformed monster and the only non-spiritual inhabitant before the arrival of Prospero, was initially adopted and raised by him. He taught Prospero how to survive on the island, while Prospero and Miranda taught Caliban religion and their own language. Following Caliban's attempted rape of Miranda, he had been compelled by Prospero to serve as the sorcerer's slave, carrying wood and gathering berries and "pig nuts" (acorns). Caliban, provoked by the comeliness of Miranda, has proposed to her that they join in sexual union in order to create a new race to populate the island. In slavery, Caliban has come to view Prospero as a usurper and has grown to resent him and his daughter. Prospero and Miranda in turn view Caliban with contempt and disgust.

The play opens as Prospero, having divined that his brother, Antonio, is on a ship passing close by the island, has raised a tempest which causes the ship to run aground. Also on the ship are Antonio's friend and fellow conspirator, King Alonso of Naples, Alonso's brother and son (Sebastian and Ferdinand), and Alonso's advisor, Gonzalo. All these passengers are returning from the wedding of Alonso's daughter Claribel with the King of Tunis. Prospero, by his spells, contrives to separate the survivors of the wreck into several groups. Alonso and Ferdinand are separated and believe one another to be dead.

Miranda by John William WaterhouseThree plots then alternate through the play. In one, Caliban falls in with Stephano and Trinculo, two drunkards, whom he believes to have come from the moon. They attempt to raise a rebellion against Prospero, which ultimately fails. In another, Prospero works to establish a romantic relationship between Ferdinand and Miranda; the two fall immediately in love, but Prospero worries that "too light winning [may] make the prize light", and compels Ferdinand to become his servant, pretending that he regards him as a spy. In the third subplot, Antonio and Sebastian conspire to kill Alonso and Gonzalo so that Sebastian can become King. They are thwarted by Ariel, at Prospero's command. Ariel appears to the "three men of sin" (Alonso, Antonio and Sebastian) as a harpy, reprimanding them for their betrayal of Prospero. Prospero manipulates the course of his enemies' path through the island, drawing them closer and closer to him.

In the conclusion, all the main characters are brought together before Prospero, who forgives Alonso. He also forgives Antonio and Sebastian, but warns them against further betrayal. Ariel is charged to prepare the proper sailing weather to guide Alonso and his entourage (including Prospero himself and Miranda) back to the Royal fleet and then to Naples, where Ferdinand and Miranda will be married. After discharging this task, Ariel will finally be free. Prospero pardons Caliban, who is sent to prepare Prospero’s cell, to which Alonso and his party are invited for a final night before their departure. Prospero indicates that he intends to entertain them with the story of his life on the island. Prospero has resolved to break and bury his staff, and "drown" his book of magic, and in his epilogue, shorn of his magic powers, he invites the audience to set him free from the island with their applause.
eta: synopsis
 
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SKIPPED

23.05 - Doug B (requested skip)

24.16 - Doug B (autoskip)

25.05 - Doug B (autoskip)

26.16 - Doug B (autoskip)

27.05 - Doug B - (autoskip)

28.11 - Thatguy (autoskip)

28.16 - Doug B (autoskip)

29.05 - Doug B (autoskip)

29.11 - thatguy (autoskip)

30.11 - thatguy (autoskip until further notice)

30.16 - Doug B (autoskip)

31.05 - Doug B (autoskip)

31.10 - Thatguy (autoskip)

31.12 - Team CIA (autoskip)

31.14 - MisfitBlondes - Up

31.15 - Bob Lee Swagger

31.16 - Scott Norwood

31.17 - DC Thunder

31.18 - Genedoc

31.19 - Tirnan (autoskip if not around)

31.20 - Yankee23Fan

 
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thatguy taking a run at Doug B's record.

aside to rodg12 - think the dude also skipped 29.10
Good catch. Thanks, GB. :popcorn: Updated the previous post to include it.
YW, and thanks for taking over on the draft order updates. As someone else previously noted, you've been the MVD so far.Also, I did note timschochet making some lame attempts to scoot things along today. :) Just leave it to the experts, pard.

 
Also, I did note timschochet making some lame attempts to scoot things along today. :bag: Just leave it to the experts, pard.
Good advice. I suck at that, I have to admit.
:doh: BTW, can we get a replacement for Doug B in the triumvirate?

I nominate rodg12. He's pretty much the only drafter who is usually around, and as a bonus, has never pissed in anyone elses cheerios.

ETA: well sounds awkward...s/b He's pretty much the only drafter who has never pissed in anyone elses cheerios, and as a bonus, is usually around.

 
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MisfitBlondes said:
31.14 Live Aid - Wild Card.

Live Aid was a multi-venue rock music concert held on July 13, 1985. The event was organised by Bob Geldof, Midge Ure, Harvey Goldsmith and the Band Aid Trust, in order to raise funds for famine relief in Ethiopia. Billed as a "global jukebox", the main sites for the event were Wembley Stadium, London, attended by 72,000 people, and JFK Stadium, Philadelphia, attended by about 90,000 people, with some acts performing at other venues such as Sydney and Moscow. It was one of the largest scale satellite link-ups and TV broadcasts of all time -- an estimated 1.5 billion viewers in 100 countries watched the live broadcast.
Link.Link.

Queen opening to massive cheers with "Bohemian Rhapsody", and the antics of lead singer Freddie Mercury who got the entire Wembley crowd clapping in unison to "Radio Ga Ga" and "Crazy Little Thing Called Love" before singing along, word-for-word, to "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions". The band's performance, also including "Hammer to Fall", led to Queen's slot being voted in a recent poll (by fans and musicians alike) as the 'Greatest Live Gig Ever'.
I remember watching this show and that Queen performance was incredible. :doh:
Queen was my first concert (Tour 80) and they were amazing live- 30 years later and it's still one of the best shows I've ever seen. I still hate that GaGa song thoughKind of a strange pick, but :bag:

eta: I mentioned this somewhere else, but the next morning I couldn't wait to see if the San Francisco Chronicle reviewed the show- which they did. After reading it, I had to ask my folks what "phallus" meant.

 
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