2.09 Galileo Galilei, scientist
Highlights:
--scientist who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution and is widely regarded as the 'father of modern science'
--improved the design of the telescope which led to many discoveries, including the phases of Venus, 4 moons of Jupiter, features of the moon, and sun spots
--his studies played a major role in understanding kinematics, a branch of classical mechanics
--contributed many ideas to the fields of astronomy, mathematics, and physics
--perhaps most famous for challenging the church's understanding of the universe, where Galileo supported the model of heliocentrism (sun at center of universe) instead of geocentrism (Earth at center of universe). He was forced to recant his beliefs and spent remaining years under house arrest
Quite simply, he's one of the world's greatest scientists and his beliefs and achievements helped change the world. His full bio is
here.