The Lowdown on Dog Bite Statistics
As an interesting exercise in the lecture I attended, Diane Jessup asked how many people had ever been bitten by a dog? Perhaps half of the group raised their hands. Second, how many reported the bite? One hand went up, and the person immediately protested that they didn't actually report it, the hospital did.
"Throw away the Centers for Disease Control and Humane Society of the United States statistics on dog bites," Jessup says. "So many go unreported. Maybe 10 percent are figured in the statistics." And because the bites that are reported are usually ones that required a hospital visit, large breeds tend to be over-represented in those statistics.
Often, when you're looking at dog bite statistics, it's important to really understand what you're looking at. In the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) report, for instance, they counted how many people reported a dog bite injury to a medical professional. They found that from 1992 to 1994, dog bites were responsible each year for a total of 4.7 million injuries, of which 800,000 required medical care and nearly 334,000 required visits to hospital emergency departments. Seventeen deaths were attributed to dog bites during the period. The CDC study concluded that the breeds posing the highest risk are Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, German Shepherd Dogs, Siberian Huskies, Alaskan Malamutes, Doberman Pinschers, Chow Chows, Great Danes, St. Bernards and Akitas.
Another survey, published in the October 1991 issue of Veterinary Medicine, asked three behavioral referral specialty practices which breeds exhibited aggressive behavior problems. Topping the list was Springer Spaniels, with 44 out of 50 bites directed at family members. Next came Cocker Spaniels, with 31 out of 32 cases family-directed; German Shepherds, but only 13 of 28 bites involved family members; Golden Retrievers, with 18 out of 24 cases family-directed; and Labrador Retrievers, with 12 of 16 bites involving family members.
A 1990 survey of veterinarians found they recommended most strongly against keeping Chow Chows, Cocker Spaniels, Rottweilers, German Shepherds, Chihuahuas (!) and Chinese Shar-Pei as family pets, and a 1990 report from Adams County Animal Control in Colorado on dog bite frequency by breed ranked Chow Chows first, followed closely by Golden Retrievers.
"In fact, no one really has any idea as to how many bites there are, since anywhere from 15 to about 40 percent of bites go unreported," says nationally syndicated columnist Steve Dale. "And no one knows which breeds bite most, since so many are unreported. And even among those reported, does the police officer, hospital worker or person who was bitten know a German Shepherd Dog from a Belgian Shepherd from a Collie?"
What all this points to, of course, is that the answer to the question, "Which breeds are more dangerous," is, "It depends on whom you are asking and how you phrase the question."
Jessup also blames the media for skewing both statistics and public opinion in their reporting of dog bites. "There was a woman killed by two Briards in Port Orchard, Washington. Did anyone hear about it? Even the local Briards club didn't know about it. It doesn't make the news because Briards aren't scary enough. If it had been a Rottweiler or a Pit Bull, it would have been all over the news."
"A few years ago, I had a long talk with the director of a major city animal control department," recalls Steve Aiken, an animal behaviorist from Minneapolis who has worked in private practice and with numerous humane societies. "It was mostly shoptalk, until we got to breed-specific bans. She pointed out just how great a rote the media can play in public perception. Two weeks earlier, she'd received a call from the local television station, who had heard about a little girl who had been bitten and wanted to do a big stow on dangerous dogs. They started getting the facts, and about five minutes into the interview they asked to get some shots of the dog. When they heard that it was a mid-sized Cocker mix, they decided on the spot not to do the stow at all.
"The director went on to say that in the name of sensationalism, the media (mostly television) tend to pick out a certain breed every five to 10 years as 'the dangerous breed' and publicize them that way. Since the 1970s, the progression has gone from German Shepherds to Dobermans to Rottweilers to Pit Bulls and American Staffordshire Terriers. The problem, of course, is that some bad people want to have a 'dangerous dog,' so they select that breed and raise them that way, and it becomes a self-fulfilling prophesy."
Smith, C. S. (2002). In Your Own Defense. Dog World, 87(2), 54.