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Las Vegas Setting Lines - What they think will happen vs Equal bets on both sides (2 Viewers)

Are Las Vegas lines set by what they think will actually happen or to get equal money on both sides?


  • Total voters
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Joe Bryant

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This is a discussion we've had before and @Biabreakable's post from another thread made me think it might be good for a 2025 discussion on it.
Setting the line at 10.5 is not Vegas expecting regression from a team that won 15 games the previous season. Its saying who knows what is going to happen? Its been a winning team so the line doesn't get set at average 8.5 games but it also is not saying the team will regress from how good they were the previous season. Its saying they cant make any money unless they get action on both sides. So they want the line to be low enough to attract action from the Bulls. If they set the line too high and say the QB gets injured or any other acts of god occur and they are losing their shirts.

Does Las Vegas set lines based on what they think will actually happen or do they set the lines to try and get equal betting on both sides?
 
They set lines based on getting 50/50 action on both sides from what I understand.

While it's not literally them predicting an outcome, it's the closest to that and often times one of the best data points to look at.
 
I don’t gamble but I assume the people who are running the house are there to manage risk and know that they don’t know what will happen. So their best bet is to get equal money on both sides and profit from the “juice” / vigorish / fees.

IOW, I’d agree with Bia.
 
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I always thought it was to get equal money on both sides of the line. That's why I thought spreads move when there's no new major information (injury or whatever). But I haven't gambled in any meaningful way in decades and could be off base.
 
Equal action is my understanding. The only exception would be when they put the very first odds out there. They could set it at a default of 50-50 and let the initial bets coming in shift the odds. But then, if it's some obvious 95%-5% contest, people with massive amounts of money could jump on it when it first comes out and cash in for easy money. So they need to at least start it off in the right ballpark. I think I read long ago that there is a select group of people that they allow to place bets in the beginning, to get the line to where it should be prior to opening it up to the public? But still the same thing could apply to those early bettors, so I figure they have someone who sets the line approximately even before early bettors? Not sure exactly. But once things are all opened up to anyone, I'm pretty sure it is all about having equal amounts on both sides.

Another qualification here ... A lot of times I hear it said "equal money on both sides". But I don't think that's exactly how the math would work. Because as the point spread, or money line, is moving, you'll end up with weird overlaps, where a certain number of bettors got in at ±8.5, others got in at ±8, others ±7.5, and others at ±7. So based on exact outcome, you could have -7 winners and +8 winners. So I imagine there is some calculation that goes on more than just "equal money on each side," in an attempt to even out their profit with greatest probability.
 
The correct option is that Vegas goes with what they predict will happen for those teams based on their knowledge, etc., but it is their reputation for being largely correct in their predictions that allows the market to feed both sides equally. I can't scream loud enough how important that is. Vegas doesn't make arbitrary lines for the purpose of keeping both money sides equal. That happens on it's own. The line moves in response to what the market actually buys into, not what Vegas thinks it will. If the line were based on what Vegas thought the market wanted, we would see terrible results by Vegas and their reputation would crumble. Vegas has shown consistently to be better than the wisdom of the crowd.

If the initial line is considered lopsided in one way by the market, then it will move, but because incoming money said so, not because of a decision by Vegas. Yeah Vegas has their hands on the switches in terms of physically moving the line, but only in response to the real and not theorized money. On the other hand If the initial line seems reasonable by the market, then the incoming money is equal and the line stays static.

But the initial line is set by what they think will happen, and then the market responds. If Vegas had a reputation of being wrong a lot, the system would crumble. The only way for them to be right consistently is to actually be experts on the sport and to base their predictions on that stuff. It is because they are so good at this that lines tend to be 50/50. You could say they engineer it that way but the calibration comes from a place of football expertise.
 
Equal action is my understanding. The only exception would be when they put the very first odds out there.
But that is the whole game right there. It isn't an exception it's the topic. Equal action happens all on it's own. Nobody can make any of us choose one side or the other of the line. We choose which side we like. It's only because Vegas is really good at it that it *happens* to come out 50/50 a lot of the time. There is no way to engineer a 50/50 initial line unless the line itself is super accurate, and based on football. After that everything is 100% market reaction.
 
For folks voting "mostly to get equal betting on both sides"...

what method do you think Vegas uses to do that? The answer is they go with what they think will happen in football.
 
Equal action is my understanding. The only exception would be when they put the very first odds out there.
But that is the whole game right there. It isn't an exception it's the topic. Equal action happens all on it's own. Nobody can make any of us choose one side or the other of the line. We choose which side we like. It's only because Vegas is really good at it that it *happens* to come out 50/50 a lot of the time. There is no way to engineer a 50/50 initial line unless the line itself is super accurate, and based on football. After that everything is 100% market reaction.
I don't know that I agree that setting the initial line is the whole game. If Vegas' experts calculated that the spread ought to be 5.0, and the common bettors at large think 7.5 makes a lot more sense, I would think it would relatively quickly move to 7.5 after the line goes public. And vice versa.

Granted, I guess it depends on the truth of your other point, which seems to be that the average Joe (no offense) thinks Vegas is so good at setting the lines, that they trust the initial line and end up splitting it even just by nature. If that is fact, then I guess I would agree with you all around. I never thought that to be a fact though.
 
Equal action is my understanding. The only exception would be when they put the very first odds out there.
But that is the whole game right there. It isn't an exception it's the topic. Equal action happens all on it's own. Nobody can make any of us choose one side or the other of the line. We choose which side we like. It's only because Vegas is really good at it that it *happens* to come out 50/50 a lot of the time. There is no way to engineer a 50/50 initial line unless the line itself is super accurate, and based on football. After that everything is 100% market reaction.
Right. Vegas isn't pulling lines out of a hat saying "we'll fix it later". What I meant above about lines moving is the reaction, but it seems to me that they rarely move more than a point unless something crazy happens. So they are pretty good at getting it close to where it should be from the start.
 
I think there is an underappreciated aspect in this.

I'll call it 'induced demand' for lack of a better phrase.

If the customer doesn't come to the window to place a bet, what's the point? The worst thing for a sportsbook/bookie is for the customer to pass.

The books know that that 47.7% is break even, and this is against a line that they alone create, so the number can be 'shaded' one way or the other to entice a bettor to bet.

The public loses, the public loves to bet favorites and the public loves to bet overs, so before we even get started, you know those sides have the 'thumb on the scale', so to speak.

And sure, bookmaking is done in a mathematical/mechanical sense to equal out the action, but these guys aren't bankers, they didn't get into this business to be account managers; these guys have huge balls and want to take on the world and show them who is the smartest.
 
Does Las Vegas set lines based on what they think will actually happen or do they set the lines to try and get equal betting on both sides?

Neither. Lines are based on public perception. The books want bad gamblers taking bad numbers. The idea that they want equal action on both sides and take their 10 percent just isn't true. In most cases they can't get equal action on both sides. I know you're using win totals as an example, but if you take a random game the book has to decide where they want to be vulnerable, whether it's the spread, moneyline or teasers. They know which way the public will bet before they put the line up. Once the line is up, sharps dictate whether or not it was accurate. If you see movement it's never because of public money. The only exception is high-handle games like the Super Bowl or season opener where the volume is so large that books might actually want more balanced action to limit risk. In your example with season totals, those numbers are almost always inflated, with extra juice on the public side to make it harder for bettors to win, especially those placing multiple future bets.
 
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There's a writer Michael Konik who wrote a book about sports gambling called The Smart Money. He appears briefly in a documentary called The Best of It. He talks about how when he started writing the book he thought the books wanted equal action on both sides. You can watch the documentary free on YouTube (definitely worth watching the whole thing). Konik talking about the equal action myth starts at 31:42.

 
The correct option is that Vegas goes with what they predict will happen for those teams based on their knowledge, etc., but it is their reputation for being largely correct in their predictions that allows the market to feed both sides equally. I can't scream loud enough how important that is. Vegas doesn't make arbitrary lines for the purpose of keeping both money sides equal. That happens on it's own. The line moves in response to what the market actually buys into, not what Vegas thinks it will. If the line were based on what Vegas thought the market wanted, we would see terrible results by Vegas and their reputation would crumble. Vegas has shown consistently to be better than the wisdom of the crowd.
This is pretty much where I am at. They remain an accurate indicator, or as you said they would crumble from incoming bets.
 
I don't know but I assume they open with what they think will happen and then try to mitigate risk from the sharp action and/or exploit the square action.
 
What they think will happen. If they are doing their job correctly, every single bet they take is +EV for the bookie, and they shouldn't care if 80% of what they're taking happens to be on one side. If anyone seriously thinks that they open a market for who'll win the coin toss in the Super Bowl and set heads at +110 because they think the prevailing thought is tails never fails then I don't know what to say
 
If anyone seriously thinks that they open a market for who'll win the coin toss in the Super Bowl and set heads at +110 because they think the prevailing thought is tails never fails then I don't know what to say
I'm not sure that anyone is saying they preemptively set the odds in the opposing direction from how they think the bettors will bet. They change the odds/spread formulaically as the bets actually come in, if those bets are falling heavily on one side. If far more bets were coming in for tails -- if it were my operation, anyway -- I would be shifting the odds.
 
If anyone seriously thinks that they open a market for who'll win the coin toss in the Super Bowl and set heads at +110 because they think the prevailing thought is tails never fails then I don't know what to say
I'm not sure that anyone is saying they preemptively set the odds in the opposing direction from how they think the bettors will bet. They change the odds/spread formulaically as the bets actually come in, if those bets are falling heavily on one side. If far more bets were coming in for tails -- if it were my operation, anyway -- I would be shifting the odds.
Even if that were to cross a point where you are offering bets to punters that are clearly +EV for the punter?
 
If anyone seriously thinks that they open a market for who'll win the coin toss in the Super Bowl and set heads at +110 because they think the prevailing thought is tails never fails then I don't know what to say
I'm not sure that anyone is saying they preemptively set the odds in the opposing direction from how they think the bettors will bet. They change the odds/spread formulaically as the bets actually come in, if those bets are falling heavily on one side. If far more bets were coming in for tails -- if it were my operation, anyway -- I would be shifting the odds.
Even if that were to cross a point where you are offering bets to punters that are clearly +EV for the punter?
Punters?
 
For folks voting "mostly to get equal betting on both sides"...

what method do you think Vegas uses to do that? The answer is they go with what they think will happen in football.

Equal action is my understanding. The only exception would be when they put the very first odds out there.
But that is the whole game right there. It isn't an exception it's the topic. Equal action happens all on it's own. Nobody can make any of us choose one side or the other of the line. We choose which side we like. It's only because Vegas is really good at it that it *happens* to come out 50/50 a lot of the time. There is no way to engineer a 50/50 initial line unless the line itself is super accurate, and based on football. After that everything is 100% market reaction.
Right. Vegas isn't pulling lines out of a hat saying "we'll fix it later". What I meant above about lines moving is the reaction, but it seems to me that they rarely move more than a point unless something crazy happens. So they are pretty good at getting it close to where it should be from the start.
For folks voting "mostly to get equal betting on both sides"...

what method do you think Vegas uses to do that? The answer is they go with what they think will happen in football.

I think they hedge knowing people tend to bet overs or the home team OR some teams like Dallas when they are good will get disproportionately bet.
 
There's a writer Michael Konik who wrote a book about sports gambling called The Smart Money. He appears briefly in a documentary called The Best of It. He talks about how when he started writing the book he thought the books wanted equal action on both sides. You can watch the documentary free on YouTube (definitely worth watching the whole thing). Konik talking about the equal action myth starts at 31:42.


I will check out your link latter but if what you suggest is true then you would see more variation in lines between books. The only way the books gambling works is if they have inside information. If 50 books had that info then it would get out. If the books are gambling its within the limits of their vig.
 
If anyone seriously thinks that they open a market for who'll win the coin toss in the Super Bowl and set heads at +110 because they think the prevailing thought is tails never fails then I don't know what to say
I'm not sure that anyone is saying they preemptively set the odds in the opposing direction from how they think the bettors will bet. They change the odds/spread formulaically as the bets actually come in, if those bets are falling heavily on one side. If far more bets were coming in for tails -- if it were my operation, anyway -- I would be shifting the odds.
Even if that were to cross a point where you are offering bets to punters that are clearly +EV for the punter?
Punters?
Generic English term for someone having a bet. Nothing to do with Shane Lechler etc. My bad thinking the term would be known over there.
 
If anyone seriously thinks that they open a market for who'll win the coin toss in the Super Bowl and set heads at +110 because they think the prevailing thought is tails never fails then I don't know what to say
I'm not sure that anyone is saying they preemptively set the odds in the opposing direction from how they think the bettors will bet. They change the odds/spread formulaically as the bets actually come in, if those bets are falling heavily on one side. If far more bets were coming in for tails -- if it were my operation, anyway -- I would be shifting the odds.
Even if that were to cross a point where you are offering bets to punters that are clearly +EV for the punter?
I would say yes. As long as I had done the math regarding the caveat in my original post. That being, the concern where winners (and losers) can overlap from both sides given certain outcomes if the line has moved. So that part I will say I do not know for sure. But if, hypothetically, I can do something to spread out my profit such that I make the same no matter what -- assuming my expected return stays fixed -- I'm definitely doing that. Now, if there is a way to actually increase the expected return, but the payoff becomes less uniform, I could definitely be persuaded to do that, depending on the numbers. That may be a key factor in what you and others are saying.
 
The correct option is that Vegas goes with what they predict will happen for those teams based on their knowledge, etc., but it is their reputation for being largely correct in their predictions that allows the market to feed both sides equally. I can't scream loud enough how important that is. Vegas doesn't make arbitrary lines for the purpose of keeping both money sides equal. That happens on it's own. The line moves in response to what the market actually buys into, not what Vegas thinks it will. If the line were based on what Vegas thought the market wanted, we would see terrible results by Vegas and their reputation would crumble. Vegas has shown consistently to be better than the wisdom of the crowd.

If the initial line is considered lopsided in one way by the market, then it will move, but because incoming money said so, not because of a decision by Vegas. Yeah Vegas has their hands on the switches in terms of physically moving the line, but only in response to the real and not theorized money. On the other hand If the initial line seems reasonable by the market, then the incoming money is equal and the line stays static.

But the initial line is set by what they think will happen, and then the market responds. If Vegas had a reputation of being wrong a lot, the system would crumble. The only way for them to be right consistently is to actually be experts on the sport and to base their predictions on that stuff. It is because they are so good at this that lines tend to be 50/50. You could say they engineer it that way but the calibration comes from a place of football expertise.
There's a writer Michael Konik who wrote a book about sports gambling called The Smart Money. He appears briefly in a documentary called The Best of It. He talks about how when he started writing the book he thought the books wanted equal action on both sides. You can watch the documentary free on YouTube (definitely worth watching the whole thing). Konik talking about the equal action myth starts at 31:42.

Good info here, and I'd say both of these are likely the case. They set it based on what they THINK will happen, but the line moving is almost purely based on the action that comes in either way.

Guess this question would be easier to answer if it was phrased as "INITIALLY set the line"
 
Every Sunday during the season, about an hour or two before kickoff, you'll see a handful of spreads move in the opposite direction of the money. The Bills are laying 9. 75% of the action is on the Bills and just before kickoff the line drops to 8. No surprise inactives, no late injury news. If the books wanted balanced action on both sides, why would they do that?
 
Every Sunday during the season, about an hour or two before kickoff, you'll see a handful of spreads move in the opposite direction of the money. The Bills are laying 9. 75% of the action is on the Bills

From a practical angle, what sites do you see this on?
 
Every Sunday during the season, about an hour or two before kickoff, you'll see a handful of spreads move in the opposite direction of the money. The Bills are laying 9. 75% of the action is on the Bills

From a practical angle, what sites do you see this on?
You're asking which books do I see reverse line movement on? All of them. If you're asking which sites show splits and handle, I think many do. For sure Draftkings. Sportsbook.ag, BetMGM and a few others. You can also find percentages on sites like Action Network, vegasinsider, VSIN (pay site), etc. where they get data directly from the sportsbooks.
 
People in Vegas have been setting lines for a long time, they know how to bait the public. So while it's mostly set up to get bets on both sides, they know how to sucker people in on some games.
 
Every Sunday during the season, about an hour or two before kickoff, you'll see a handful of spreads move in the opposite direction of the money. The Bills are laying 9. 75% of the action is on the Bills and just before kickoff the line drops to 8. No surprise inactives, no late injury news. If the books wanted balanced action on both sides, why would they do that?
The hypothesis is that when people are betting one side, the payoffs shift toward the opposite side, or the spread shifts toward the same side. So if the line drops from 9 to 8, according to the hypothesis at least, that would indicate that more people are putting bets on the underdog than the favorite.
 
Every Sunday during the season, about an hour or two before kickoff, you'll see a handful of spreads move in the opposite direction of the money. The Bills are laying 9. 75% of the action is on the Bills and just before kickoff the line drops to 8. No surprise inactives, no late injury news. If the books wanted balanced action on both sides, why would they do that?
The hypothesis is that when people are betting one side, the payoffs shift toward the opposite side, or the spread shifts toward the same side. So if the line drops from 9 to 8, according to the hypothesis at least, that would indicate that more people are putting bets on the underdog than the favorite.
But they're not. The majority of the money is coming in on the favorite. We can see the live data.
 
It's purely to get equal action on both sides. That's why they juice the lines at -110.

Equal money guarantees them a profit. If it was only about what they thought would happen, then the line wouldn't move based on the amount of money on each side. It would stay the same.

They're not in the market of gambling themselves. They don't want lopsided action on either side. They want the guaranteed money which is the juice.
They can’t get balanced action on most games. To do so, they’d have to move the lines so much that they’d risk creating a massive middle, putting themselves in a position to lose both sides. The vig gives the book a built-in edge, but they still win or lose different amounts on individual games. A bookmaker’s job is to manage risk and decide where they’re willing to be exposed on a given game. Futures, teasers, and other liabilities also have to be factored into that equation.
 
It's purely to get equal action on both sides. That's why they juice the lines at -110.

Equal money guarantees them a profit. If it was only about what they thought would happen, then the line wouldn't move based on the amount of money on each side. It would stay the same.

They're not in the market of gambling themselves. They don't want lopsided action on either side. They want the guaranteed money which is the juice.
Exactly this.
 
Pretty obviously to try and get equal action.
I'd say that's 95% of the thought process, so I picked mostly.

It's also very possible/probable they know some things the public doesn't, and they'd be ok with setting a line knowing it will get 60/40 betting and be ok with it.

Ever notice when some sort of "breaking" news comes out that a player is inactive, and the line doesn't move??
 
It's purely to get equal action on both sides. That's why they juice the lines at -110.

Equal money guarantees them a profit. If it was only about what they thought would happen, then the line wouldn't move based on the amount of money on each side. It would stay the same.

They're not in the market of gambling themselves. They don't want lopsided action on either side. They want the guaranteed money which is the juice.
They can’t get balanced action on most games. To do so, they’d have to move the lines so much that they’d risk creating a massive middle, putting themselves in a position to lose both sides. The vig gives the book a built-in edge, but they still win or lose different amounts on individual games. A bookmaker’s job is to manage risk and decide where they’re willing to be exposed on a given game. Futures, teasers, and other liabilities also have to be factored into that equation.
I think of course teasers and whatnot is also factored in.

I think some games end up 0.5 rather than 1.5 because of it
 
For folks voting "mostly to get equal betting on both sides"...

what method do you think Vegas uses to do that? The answer is they go with what they think will happen in football.

I think you have a good point. But it’s not always set that way.
Oversimplified example- It might be there are 100 casual fans who will bet $100 on team A -4 and 2 pros who will bet $5000 on team b +4. The money is even, but is the true football line really -4 or is it likely the pros know it should be -3 or even closer?
 
I just brought that up tonight, too. What a fun coincidence.

Post in thread 'If You're The Pittsburgh GM, Who Would You Rather Have As Steelers QB? - Rudolph or Rodgers?'
https://forums.footballguys.com/thr...rs-qb-rudolph-or-rodgers.816351/post-25351541

I voted “even money both sides” but IMO it’s more nuanced than that. It’s an imperfect set of answers.

They set the line at whatever they think will entice betters, while giving themselves an advantage. They want to win.

Then line movement tells us where the money is coming in. If it’s coming in lopsided from one side, Vegas will usually adjust the line from there to entice betting on the other side.

But the initial line is intended to make Vegas money. They don’t want even money on both sides because then they’re not making $, they want to win, but if too much money is coming in on one side they’ll adjust the line to try and suck in money on the other.
 
Every Sunday during the season, about an hour or two before kickoff, you'll see a handful of spreads move in the opposite direction of the money. The Bills are laying 9. 75% of the action is on the Bills and just before kickoff the line drops to 8. No surprise inactives, no late injury news. If the books wanted balanced action on both sides, why would they do that?
The hypothesis is that when people are betting one side, the payoffs shift toward the opposite side, or the spread shifts toward the same side. So if the line drops from 9 to 8, according to the hypothesis at least, that would indicate that more people are putting bets on the underdog than the favorite.
But they're not. The majority of the money is coming in on the favorite. We can see the live data.
Oh, okay, yeah, I didn't know you could see the data. If that's the case, yeah, I guess they're doing something that I don't understand.
 
What seems lost here, which perhaps it isn't, is what is meant by "equal money" on both sides.

Two teams playing where the favorite is -220 and the underdog +180, the zero risk situation for Vegas is where twice as much money is bet on the favorite. "Even money" to me means the payout in either direction is more than covered by the bets on the other side.

If the favorite is heavily favored, even if most bets are for the favorite, Vegas still might want more people betting on the favorite to reduce risk if the payout for the favorite is low and underdog high.
 
I do know that Vegas releases their lines to sharps before they release them to the public, and let them bet a limited amount on that early line. If the sharps pound a side, Vegas will move a line before it's released to the public.

There aren't any absolutes, I don't think. Vegas definitely takes positions, with lines designed to get public action, on certain games. A lot of gamblers I know take this as fact.
 
I just brought that up tonight, too. What a fun coincidence.

Post in thread 'If You're The Pittsburgh GM, Who Would You Rather Have As Steelers QB? - Rudolph or Rodgers?'
https://forums.footballguys.com/thr...rs-qb-rudolph-or-rodgers.816351/post-25351541

I voted “even money both sides” but IMO it’s more nuanced than that. It’s an imperfect set of answers.

They set the line at whatever they think will entice betters, while giving themselves an advantage. They want to win.

Then line movement tells us where the money is coming in. If it’s coming in lopsided from one side, Vegas will usually adjust the line from there to entice betting on the other side.

But the initial line is intended to make Vegas money. They don’t want even money on both sides because then they’re not making $, they want to win, but if too much money is coming in on one side they’ll adjust the line to try and suck in money on the other.
Problem is, if the line moves too much, they risk losing a lot of money if the end result is somewhere between where they started and the final line.

That's why they want to make a line where they think there will be equal betting on both sides. They want that line to move as little as possible.

Bookies have zero issues with making 5% of all money wagered on games.

I've also seen plenty of times where the spread stays the same, but the money line shifts a bit.
 
That's why they want to make a line where they think there will be equal betting on both sides. They want that line to move as little as possible.
Yeah, I agree here as well.

And as I’ve commented on this forum several times, it’s uncanny how close the lines are. O/U’s especially, but the accuracy of the folks setting betting lines is just amazing.

These guys really do earn their keep.
 

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