Hedge funds are required to first ask if there are shares available to borrow before they execute a short sale. Loan departments at prime brokerage shops will let funds know how much is available and at what cost to carry. The riskier the stock the more it will cost to short it. If you fail to secure a borrow before you execute a short sale, you can be in all sorts of trouble. Your prime broker can kick you out.
GME was a black swan event. I lack the brain power to explain how it got above 100% of the float short - that's highly unusual. Schwab reports short interest at 88% as of 1/15 so I don't know what to believe.
Vulnerable companies are always going to attract shorts. That's been the case since the beginning of time. But betting against a company comes at a significant cost and that needs to be hammered in here.
I spent nearly 10 years as the head trader at a dedicated short shop. It sucked. It was stressful, my boss was a thrice divorced Bobby Knight clone and I actively rooted for the demise of certain companies. I got interrogated twice by the SEC, had to turn over all of Forrestmail to them (that was fun), nearly got us kicked out of at Goldman Sachs for shorting a stock I thought we got a borrow on but didn't, and quit after my first wife left me but also right after I got a nice 6 figure bonus once the short positions in subprime finally worked out.
Short selling as a career sucks. I never want to do it again. But the misconceptions in here need some corrections.
That's all. Good night!
On the other hand, maybe that's why you were clear of all wrong doing rather than getting an $800 fine.