98. Joseph R. McCarthy
I have here in my hand a list of 205 that were made known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department.
I really did not intend to place "Tailgunner Joe" on my list. I was looking at some true American heroes, like Audie Murphy, or Daniel Inouye (Inouye's story, involving the Hawaiian Japanese 442nd Regiment in World War II, is one of the great war sagas of all time.) There were some great writers and poets I was considering, like Walt Whitman and William Faulkner. I was even thinking about saving a space for noted humanitarian Margaret Sanger, and fully prepared to defend that against the crapstorm that was sure to follow.
But here's the thing: for a period of 5 years, from 1950 to 1954, Joe McCarthy was the most powerful non-Presidential politician in American history. That is significant, and can't be ignored however much I much want to. And what's fascinating about this is that, though McCarthy was certainly a populist of the highest order, he lacked all of the qualities that one typically associates with populists. He wasn't a good speaker. He wasn't good looking. He didn't dress well (he looked seedy and sweated whenever on television.) He lacked charisma. He had none of the charm or good humor that defined, for example, Huey Long or even our current day Donald Trump.
McCarthy's message was nothing new, either. Dozens of conservative politicians, including, notably, Richard Nixon, had been warning about Communism for years. For 2 years prior to McCarthy's first famous speech on the issue at Wheeling, West Virginia, the House on UnAmerican Activities had been investigating Communists in the movies, on TV, in the State Department. What we now think of as "McCarthyism" was going full blast. And Joe wasn't even particularly good at talking about it. Yet somehow he rose above all of the others and became the spokesman. Weird, but sometimes American politics are inexplicable. How is Donald Trump currently polling at twice all other GOP candidates? Everybody has a theory, but nobody really knows why. There are many reasons why the American public in 1950 was ready to listen to someone warning them about Communist spies everywhere. They had been treated to a real one in Algier Hiss. They were shocked by the number of Hollywood writers and directors who took the 5th Amendment when asked about their beliefs. And of course, China had been lost to the Communists, and Russia had exploded a hydrogen bomb. So they were worried and suspicious. But why Joe McCarthy? Good question.
Of course, after McCarthy became famous some very bright people started working for him, including the brilliant Roy Cohn, one of the more fascinating characters of the era. His secret gay relationship with David Schine would end up bringing McCarthy down, since Cohn didn't want Schine in the army, which caused McCarthy to attack the army, which allowed for televised hearings. Joseph Welch was a big hero, but the real key was the public seeing for the first time what a bully McCarthy was. After those hearings, he faded into obscurity before finally dying a few years later. His time was very short. Nonetheless, he has to be on this list.
Next...his invention would create decades of human misery...