With the help of UFW co-founder Dolores Huerta, Chavez launched the "Illegals Campaign," which he believed was nearly as important as the boycott. He criticized President Nixon and the Border Patrol for letting in so many "wets," as he called them.
Under the campaign, he turned the UFW into an anti-illegal-immigrant spying organization. Union volunteers became dedicated to finding and identifying undocumented immigrants working on farms -- as well as those giving them aid and comfort. The information was turned over to the feds. While doing yoga "standing on his head," Pawel writes, Chavez gave 19-year-old Liza Hirsch the job of heading up the Illegals Campaign.
"Hirsch distributed forms printed in triplicate to all union offices and directed staff members to document the presence of illegal immigrants in the fields and report them to the INS," the books states.
Chavez believed that the campaign would help his supporters explain to the public why the boycott against grapes and lettuce wasn't effective: Farmers were hiring illegal workers who didn't care about the strikes or boycott.
A favorite line of Chavez's was, "If we can get the illegals out of California, we will win the strike overnight."
Chavez's "liberal allies" and Chicano activists didn't agree with the tactic. But Chavez clung resolutely to his beliefs, breaking ties with affiliated groups who wouldn't go along. His stubbornness resulted in mutinies, with some UFW field offices "refusing to cooperate" in tracking the undocumented workers.
Huerta supported the Illegals Campaign, but suggested Chavez should tone down the rhetoric. Some people find the terms "illegals" and "*******" offensive, she reminded him.
"Chavez turned on Huerta angrily," the book says. "'No, a spade's a spade,' he said. 'You guys get these hang-ups. ####### it, how do we build a union? They're wets, you know. They're wets, and let's go after them."
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Besides the belief that illegal workers were taking jobs from citizens, Chavez theorized that organizing undocumented workers would be fruitless, ultimately, because farm bosses might have them rounded up by immigration authorities once they made gains. But he also felt that illegal workers were interested in money, first and foremost, and were "beholden to the grower or labor contractor." They did not make effective union activists, he thought.
Rumors abounded that UFW members had beat up some undocumented immigrants, and questions were raised about how strongly Chavez discouraged that violence...
...Since the 1950s, Chavez worried that braceros, Mexican workers imported legally by U.S. farmers, were taking jobs away from citizens. Employing "expendable" workers who could be paid less and wouldn't make as many demands for humane working conditions was seen as more desirable by the growers. Chavez believed he "couldn't build a union" with members who were undocumented, and he was suspicious about green-card holders, too, Pawel says....