These vaccines have been in development since 2002. They're not new, just a new target infection.
Vaccine developers had a head start — While the process used to create the COVID-19 vaccines is novel, it’s not an unfamiliar technology, says Clay Dunagan, MD, BJC HealthCare chief clinical officer and infectious disease specialist. In fact, scientists have been working on coronavirus vaccines for decades.
“This vaccine strategy was explored in the original SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle-East respiratory syndrome) virus outbreaks,” Dr. Dunagan says. “So, it’s not unprecedented for use in people.”
Neither of those viruses turned out to spread as quickly as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, however, so those vaccines were never brought to market at the time.