Jazz, Blues, Gospel Roots
Rd 4 Cat Squirrel by Doctor Ross (1954)
B side: New York Breakdown
By the time Charles Ross came up to Detroit, he had already recorded at Sun Studios and Chess Records. Ross came to Detroit in 1954, in need of money and work. He found it at the General Motors Plant in Flint. Music was in his blood and he continued making music for
Fortune Records. Fortune Records and Sensation Records were two of the biggest studios in Detroit at the time and incredibly important for putting the city’s music scene on the map. It's a pretty basic concept, no studio=no recordings=no hits. Chicago had been the place for black musicians to go because they had recording studios but the founding of studios in Detroit changed the equation and opened it up as a hotbed for blues and soul artists looking to break into music.
The run as a hotbed of blues wouldn't last long. Another local studio that we are all quite familiar with crowded out the smaller studios, as did the interest in "rock and roll". By the time 1967 came, the blues scene was hardly what it was even a decade earlier.
"The Long Hot Summer of 1967" put the final nail in the coffin for Detroit's position as a hub of blues music. I won't describe entirely what happened during the summer of '67. The Tigers narrowly lost the pennant (thanks Eephus) and the city burned- a fire that still has embers today. I will just quote this section from Wikipedia:
The Detroit Police Department was administered directly by the Mayor. Prior to the riot, Mayor Cavanagh's appointees, George Edwards and Ray Girardin, worked for reform. Edwards tried to recruit and promote blacks, but he refused to establish a civilian police review board, as African Americans had requested. In trying to discipline police officers accused of brutality, he turned the police department's rank-and-file against him. Many whites perceived his policies as "too soft on crime."[7] The Community Relations Division of the Michigan Civil Rights Commission undertook a study in 1965 of the police, published in 1968. It claimed the "police system" was at fault for racism. The police system was blamed for recruiting "bigots" and reinforcing bigotry through the department's "value system." A survey conducted by President Johnson's Kerner Commission found that prior to the riot, 45 percent of police working in black neighborhoods were "extremely anti-Negro" and an additional 34 percent were "prejudiced."[8]
In 1967, 93% of the force was still white, although 30% of the city residents were black.[9][10] Incidents of police brutality made blacks feel at risk. They resented many police officers who they felt talked down to them, addressing men as "boys" and women as "honey" and "baby." Police made street searches of groups of young men, and single women complained of being called prostitutes for simply walking on the street.[11] The police frequently arrested people who did not have proper identification. The local press reported several questionable shootings and beatings of blacks by officers in the years before 1967.[12] After the riot, a Detroit Free Press survey showed that residents reported police brutality as the number one problem they faced in the period leading up to the riot.[13]
In the violence of the summer, one of the casualties was
Joe's Record Shop. After being chased off of
Hastings Street in the razing of the street for a freeway, Joe Von Battle found his relocated business under threat again in 1967. The man who recorded John Lee Hooker was defending his storefront by gun point until the police made him leave. "Days later, Battle returned to his record shop with his daughter Marsha Battle Philpot and they were met with '
wet, fetid debris of what had been one of the most seminal record shops in Detroit.' Joe's Record Shop and much of the stock within—including tapes and recordings of artists - were ruined." Detroit's legacy as a blues hub was also ruined. The great record shop and it's music was now a casualty of the modern city.