Jazz, Blues, Gospel Roots
Rd 3 Boogie Chillen by John Lee Hooker (1948)
B side:
Sally Mae
A key trigger in the development of Detroit music is the Great Migration. The abundance of factory jobs and hopes for a better life outside of the South made Detroit a huge draw for Southern Blacks. Between 1910 and 1930, Detroit's population grew by 40%. Before World War 1, Detroit had only 4,000 Black residents. By 1930, there were 120,000 Black people living in Detroit. Detroit became the 4th most populated American city. However, jobs, homes and services were stressed. This led to massive racial tension and a long series of violent encounters between Blacks and Whites including the 1943 riots where 25 people were killed. Most of those killed were residents of Black Bottom (one of the poorest neighborhoods of the city) after Whites, often from out of the city, came to attack the Black residents.
One of these new arrivals to the Renaissance City was a Mississippi guitar player born in 1912, 1915, 1917, 1920, or 1923- nobody knows for sure. He ran way from home as a teen and traveled city to city before ending up working at a Ford Plant in Detroit. While working as a janitor, the illiterate John Lee Hooker ended up becoming a star in Detroit, a city with very few guitar players at the time. His 1949 song
Boogie Chillen was the best selling "race record" of the year. Eventually, Hooker's music would make it to the UK where he would finally crossover to white audiences, proving to be a massive influence on the blues based rock bands of the British Invasion. What a strange path life and music can take.
Unfortunately, the Hastings Street blues clubs and record shops that Hooker frequented no longer exist. Nor do the haunts of Joe Louis. The same time
Boogie Chillen was peaking, the
Federal Housing Act of 1949 was passed which allowed the City of Detroit to condemn the 2 prominent Black neighborhoods of Black Bottom and Paradise Valley as slums. They were razed to make way for freeways. By 1950, the city had displaced 2 vibrant Black communities and leveled 423 residences, 109 businesses and 22 manufacturing plants.