The save your child or 100 other children parallel is a good example. Some of you have already said you would save your child. I think most people would. However, you would also agree that in general one child is no more valuable than another. To another person, your child would be just like the other 100. But you're making a decision to save your child because to you the parent, that child has much more value than any other, even the sum total of 100 children. Same thing goes with the dog. To almost anyone, a human life is more important than a dog life. A human is more advanced, more intelligent, more capable of doing a number of things. I don't think it's a reach to say that a human has capacity for a more "meaningful" life, whatever you choose that to mean. BUT......to the dog's master, the dog has more value than somebody else would consider. For the 40-something % of us that answered the way we did, the dog has more value to us than a random person we do not know. It is the exact same equation as the child vs. 100 other kids scenario, just with different weights and variables.
I dont know who said this but if you use the same justification of "what has the most value to me personally", most everyone else in the world fades, and it allows you to do whatever you want, without regarding the feelings of others.For instance, if I were to choose to rob an old lady of all her money and then kill her, I could logically justify it using this means. First off, she's old, she's lived much of her life, she's gonna die soon anyways. I"m young, the money would be better served helping me in my life, than helping some old lady live another year or so in bad health. She means nothing to me, she's just a stranger, however if I take her money, that will mean a lot to me...it will do great things for my life and, as it should be obvious, ALL i care about on earth is myself and how things directly affect me. When a situation arises, I will only think of what is in my best interest, and I will not think of anyone else. Same thing with the old lady.
If I ever met a person like that, I would be tempted to strangle them on the spot. Those are the types of sociopaths that spend their lives locked up in jail, or like Scott Peterson, get the death penalty. Sleep well in the knowledge that you're a smear on society's underwear.